Structure and Function of Bacterial Super-Biosystem Responsible for Import and Depolymerization of Macromolecules

Substrate recognition by family 7 alginate lyase from Sphingomonas sp. A1

“…Four types of alginate lyase, A1-I (65 kDa), A1-II (25 kDa), A1-III (40 kDa), and A1-IV (86 kDa), are present in bacterial cytoplasm. 15 Two genes coding for A1-II′ (32 kDa) and A1-IV' (90 kDa) are included in the bacterial genome, although their expression has not been detected in bacterial cells. 15,16 These six enzymes are categorized into polysaccharide lyase families 5, 7, or 15 in the Carbohydrate Active enZYme database on the basis of their primary structures, 17 and differ in specific activity, substrate specificity (poly(G) poly(M), and/or poly(MG)), and mode of action (endo or exo).…”

“…15 Two genes coding for A1-II′ (32 kDa) and A1-IV' (90 kDa) are included in the bacterial genome, although their expression has not been detected in bacterial cells. 15,16 These six enzymes are categorized into polysaccharide lyase families 5, 7, or 15 in the Carbohydrate Active enZYme database on the basis of their primary structures, 17 and differ in specific activity, substrate specificity (poly(G) poly(M), and/or poly(MG)), and mode of action (endo or exo). Since, among them, the truncated A1-II′ (25 kDa, Pro81-His316) exhibits endolytical reaction and broad substrate specificity (active on poly(G), poly(M), and poly(MG)), A1-II′ is one of the most promising enzymes for alginate degradation and modification.…”

Identification and Characterization of Genes Encoding a Putative ABC-Type Transporter Essential for Utilization of γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane in Sphingobium japonicum UT26

“…However, studies of the cell surface and biological membrane function of sphingomonads have focused only on structural analysis of glycosphingolipids with the exception of very limited cases, e.g., a superchannel system for uptake and degradation of alginate, which consists of a ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter system, in Sphingomonas sp. strain A1 (15).…”

Superchannel of Bacteria: Biological Significance and New Horizons

“…10) This is the first genome structure of a sphingomonad to be determined. The genome consists of 4,622,788 base pairs with a GC content of 62%, and it has the capacity to contain approximately 4,800 genes, the functions of 42% of which have been predicted.…”