Structure and evolution of the Himalaya–Tibet orogenic belt

Allègre, Claude J.; Courtillot, Vincent; Tapponnier, Paul; Hirn, A.; Mattauer, Maurice; Coulon, Christian; Jaeger, Jean‐Jacques; Achache, J.; Schärer, Urs; Marcoux, Jean; Burg, Jean‐Pierre; Girardeau, J.; Armijo, Rolando; Gariépy, Clément; Göpel, C.; Tindong, Li; Xiao, Xia; Chenfa, Chang; Li, Guangqin; Lin, Bin; Teng, Jun; Naiwen, Wang; Chen, Guo-Ming; Han, Tao; Wang, Xibin; Wanming, Den; Huaibin, Sheng; Yougong, Cao; Ji, Zhou; Hongrong, Qiu; Peisheng, Bao; Songchan, Wang; Bixiang, Wang; Yaoxiu, Zhou; Xu, Runsheng

doi:10.1038/307017a0

Cited by 958 publications

(424 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The presence of the Gangdese batholith and the forearc sequence of the Xigaze Group suggests that convergence between the Indian and Eurasian plates prior to the continental collision was accommodated by a north dipping subduction zone beneath southern Asia. Field observations show, however, that the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone is south dipping near Gongga ( Plate 3a) [e.g., Allegre et al, 1984], suggesting that the suture was deformed subsequent to closure of the ocean(s) that once separated India from Asia. In this paper we argue that this south dipping contact represents a Neogene north directed thrust (the Renbu-Zedong fault) that postdates the Gangdese thrust along the southern edge of the Lhasa Block.…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tertiary structural evolution of the Gangdese Thrust System, southeastern Tibet

Yin¹,

Harrison²,

Ryerson³

et al. 1994

J. Geophys. Res.

353

285

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Abstract. Structural and thermochronological investigations of southern Tibet (Xizang) suggest that intracontinental thrusting has been the dominant cause for formation of thickened crust in the southernmost Tibetan plateau since late Oligocene. Two thrust systems are documented in this study: the north dipping Gangdese system (GTS) and the younger south dipping Renbu-Zedong system ( RZT). West of Lhasa, the Gangdese thrust juxtaposes the Late Cretaceous forearc basin deposits of the Lhasa Block (the Xigaze Group) over the Tethyan sedimentary rocks of the Indian plate, whereas east of Lhasa, the fault juxtaposes the Late Cretaceous-Eocene, Andean-type arc (the Gangdese batholith) over Tethyan sedimentary rocks. Near Zedong, 150 km southeast of Lhasa, the Gangdese thrust is marked by a >200-m-thick mylonitic shear zone that consists of deformed granite and metasedimentary rocks. A major south dipping backthrust in the hanging wall of the Gangdese thrust puts the Xigaze Group over Tertiary conglomerates and the Gangdese plutonics north of Xigaze and west of Lhasa. A lower age bound for the Gangdese thrust of 18.3±0.5 Ma is given by crosscutting relationships. The timing of slip on the Gangdese thrust is estimated to be 27-23 Ma from 40 Ar/ 39 Ar thermochronology, and a displacement of at least 46±9 km is indicated near Zedong. The age of the Gangdese thrust (GT) is consistent with an upper age limit of -24 Ma for the initiation of movement on the Main Central thrust. In places, the younger Renbu-Zedong fault is thrust over the trace of the GT, obscuring its exposure. The RZT appears to have been active at circa 18 Ma but had ceased movement by 8±1 Ma. The suture between India and Asia has been complexly modified by development of the GTS, RZT, and, locally, strike-slip and normal fault systems.

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Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tertiary structural evolution of the Gangdese Thrust System, southeastern Tibet

Yin¹,

Harrison²,

Ryerson³

et al. 1994

J. Geophys. Res.

353

285

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Tibet plateau, the largest plateau on Earth, is part of the Alps-Himalayan orogenic belt (Allegre et al, 1984;Chung et al, 1998Chung et al, , 2005Yin and Harrison, 2000), formed due to the continental collision and subduction of India underneath Eurasia (Allegre et al, 1984;Chung et al, 2012;Yin and Harrison, 2000). It is mainly composed of four blocks, which, from north to south, include: the Songpan-Ganzi flysch complex belt, the Qiangtang block, the Lhasa terrane and the Himalayas (Yin and Harrison, 2000: Fig.…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Gangdese orogenic belt is composed mainly of Late Paleocene-Early Eocene (60-40 Ma) Linzizong Formation volcanic rocks and CretaceousTertiary (120-24 Ma) granite batholiths (Allegre et al, 1984;Mo et al, 2008). According to previous studies, multiple metallogenic events occurred in the different tectonic settings of the Indo-Asian collision, identified as the main-collisional convergent setting (~65-41 Ma), the late-collisional transform setting (~40-26 Ma), and the postcollisional crustal extension setting (~25-0 Ma) (Chung et al, 2005;Hou et al, 2006).…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of Qulong adakites and their relationship with porphyry copper deposit: Geochemical constraints

Liu

Ling

et al. 2015

Lithos

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“…Subsurface compensation may have occurred in a variety of different ways, such as by crustal thickening (Allegrè, 1984), denudation (Meng et al, 2006), slip partitioning (Chen et al, 1994;Tapponnier et al, 2001), subduction of the Indian mantle lithosphere (Kosarev et al, 1999;Kumar et al, 2006;Li et al, 2008a), lithospheric detachment (Houseman et al, 1981, Molnar, 1988, subduction of the Asian lithosphere (Willett and Beaumont, 1994;Kind et al, 2002) and eastward escape (Royden et al, 1997Clark and Royden, 2000;Klemperer, 2006). GPS displacement vectors (Gan et al, 2007) and SKS anisotropy measurements (Wang et al, 2008) indicate that the Tibetan crust (and possibly also the lithosphere and asthenosphere) is escaping eastwards, and that the main portion of the flow is being redirected towards the south east after it encounters the Sichuan Basin ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic signature of the collision between the east Tibetan escape flow and the Sichuan Basin

Zhang

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2010

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

205

137

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GPS displacement vectors show that the crust in east Tibet is being squeezed in an easterly direction by the northward motion of the Indian plate, and the Sichuan Basin is resisting this stream and redirecting it mainly towards Indochina. The Longmen Shan, containing the steepest rise to the high plateau anywhere in Tibet, results from the strong interaction between the east Tibetan escape flow and the rigid Yangtze block (Sichuan Basin), but the kinematics and dynamics of this interaction are still the subject of some debates. We herein present results from a dense passive-source seismic profile from the Sichuan Basin into eastern Tibet in order to study the deep structure of this collision zone. Using P and S receiver function

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Structure and evolution of the Himalaya–Tibet orogenic belt

Cited by 958 publications

References 21 publications

Tertiary structural evolution of the Gangdese Thrust System, southeastern Tibet

Tertiary structural evolution of the Gangdese Thrust System, southeastern Tibet

The formation of Qulong adakites and their relationship with porphyry copper deposit: Geochemical constraints

Seismic signature of the collision between the east Tibetan escape flow and the Sichuan Basin

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