Structure and dynamics of useful work along the agriculture-industry-services transition: Portugal from 1856 to 2009

Serrenho, André Cabrera; Warr, Benjamin; Sousa, Tânia; Ayres, Robert U.; Domingos, Tiago

doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2015.10.004

Cited by 48 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The service temperature for the exergy factor 0.6 is 600 • C and corresponds to high temperature CHP. Exergy factors take into account the fact that exergy distinguishes work from heat, giving energy a grade of quality [7]. Electricity can, in theory, be fully converted to work, which is why an exergy factor of one is given to this energy carrier.…”

Section: Final Energy To Final Exergy Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such data, despite being collected for the United States of America (USA), are considered an appropriate comparison because of the similarities in developed work electricity usage during the period evaluated (1960 to 2009). In addition, it is a commonly-adopted procedure in similar studies [6,7]. …”

Section: Allocation Of Final Exergy Data To End-use Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Useful exergy, or useful work analyses, have already been done by a variety of authors at the national level [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In these studies, diverse approaches are chosen for presenting the results, the choice of parameters and time spans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these studies, diverse approaches are chosen for presenting the results, the choice of parameters and time spans. The method applied in our study follows the approach by [6], which was later used in [7,8] to account for the energy flows from the typical energy carriers: oil, coal, natural gas, combustible renewables and electricity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of this study is to analyze whether the method currently used to account for useful exergy and final to useful exergy efficiencies at the national level [7,8] should be more detailed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Much Detail Should We Use to Compute Societal Aggregated Exergy Efficiencies?

2016

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Abstract:The current method used for calculating societal aggregated exergy efficiencies is reviewed. Cooling is introduced as an end-use category; conversion efficiencies for heating processes are obtained for each energy carrier; and electricity shares per end-use are retrieved for each sector, improving the accuracy of the estimated values of aggregated exergy efficiencies. We show that: (1) cooling uses are a relevant end-use in Portugal and that their introduction decreased overall efficiency by 3.4% in 2009; and (2) disaggregating the heating second law efficiencies for each energy carrier has a significant effect on the aggregated efficiencies of the country, decreasing aggregated efficiency by 1.3% in 2009. We studied two other factors that showed no significant impact on aggregated exergy efficiency: a technological lag of 10 years in the efficiency of stationary mechanical drive devices and the use of a year-specific ambient temperature to compute exergy efficiencies of heating processes.

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Section: Final Energy To Final Exergy Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Allocation Of Final Exergy Data To End-use Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Much Detail Should We Use to Compute Societal Aggregated Exergy Efficiencies?

2016

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An innovative application of extended exergy analysis into an industrial park

Fan

Qiao

Fang

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Exergy is a thermodynamic term used to account all possible useful work theoretically throughout one process when it is brought into equilibrium with its environment. It however cannot directly incorporate non-physical flows, which can be accounted by extensions of the exergy consumption method. Extended exergy, which builds a bridge between thermal and anthropic dimensions, can both measure resource consumption and economic system. In this study, we applied extended exergy analysis to analyze an industrial park, including material consumption, social investment, and environmental influence. The total extended exergy consumption in the study park amounts to 2.52 EJ. The material-based exergy occupies the largest exergy consumption, followed by capital exergy, environmental remediation exergy, and labor exergy in decreasing order. The exergy capacity was proposed to depict the conversion ability from exergy consumption into economic benefits. In the study area, electronic information industry has the largest exergy capacity with a value of 70 RMB/GJ, indicating a high conversion power from exergy to money. New energy vehicles and parts manufacturing occupies bottom rung in terms of exergy capacity. From the view of material consumption, other industry consumed a lot more exergy compared to electronic information industry; for the environmental remediation, other industry has the lowest exergy capacity, indicating it discharged more pollutants than other clusters to output the same amount of money. Therefore, other industry needs to be urgently transformed and upgraded. The study could help to optimize industrial structure and environmental management in industrial parks.

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Economy-wide rebound and the returns on investment in energy efficiency

Jarvis,

King

2024

Energy Efficiency

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In this paper we re-examine the relationship between global Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Primary Energy Use (PEU) and Economic Energy Efficiency (EEE) to explore how investment in energy efficiency causes rebound in energy use at the global scale. Assuming GDP is a measure of final useful work, we construct and fit a biophysics-inspired nonlinear dynamic model to global GDP, PEU and EEE data from 1900—2018 and use it to estimate how energy efficiency investments relate to output growth and hence economy-wide rebound effects. We illustrate the effects of future deployment of enhanced energy efficiency investments using two scenarios through to 2100. The first maximizes GDP growth, requiring energy efficiency investment to rise ~ twofold. Here there is no decrease in PEU growth because economy-wide rebound effects dominate. The second scenario minimizes PEU growth by increasing energy efficiency investment ~ 3.5 fold. Here PEU and GDP growth are near fully decoupled and rebound effects are minimal, although this results in a long run, zero output growth regime. We argue it is this latter regime that is compatible with the deployment of enhanced energy efficiency to meet climate objectives. However, while output growth maximising regimes prevail, efficiency-led pledges on energy use and emissions reduction appear at risk of failure at the global scale.

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Structure and dynamics of useful work along the agriculture-industry-services transition: Portugal from 1856 to 2009

Cited by 48 publications

References 48 publications

How Much Detail Should We Use to Compute Societal Aggregated Exergy Efficiencies?

How Much Detail Should We Use to Compute Societal Aggregated Exergy Efficiencies?

An innovative application of extended exergy analysis into an industrial park

Economy-wide rebound and the returns on investment in energy efficiency

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