Structure and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide derived from Amanita caesarea

Abstract

A heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Amanita caesarea using a diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column, Sephacryl S‑300 gel column and Sephadex G‑200 column. The Amanita caesarea polysaccharide was predominantly composed of α-D-glucose and α-D-lyxose at a ratio of 2:1, and it had a molecular weight of 19,329 Da. The structural features of the Amanita caesarea polysaccharide were investigated by a combination of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and infrared spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results showed that Amanita caesarea polysaccharide (termed AC‑1) had a backbone of 1,4‑linked α‑D‑glucose and 1,3,6‑linked α‑D‑glucose, with branches of one 1‑linked α‑D‑lyxose residue. The antioxidant activity of AC‑1 was evaluated by two biochemical methods, 2,2-azino-bis diammonium (ABTS+) radical scavenging activity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH-) radical scavenging activity. The uncontrolled production of free radicals is involved in various diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis and degenerative aging processes. The results indicated that the Amanita caesarea polysaccharide exhibits strong antioxidant activity, thus, it may be a useful natural product antioxidant.

Anti-Oxidative Stress Activity Is Essential for Amanita caesarea Mediated Neuroprotection on Glutamate-Induced Apoptotic HT22 Cells and an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model

“…Amanita caesarea , an edible mushroom, can be found in mixed coniferous and deciduous forests in Asia and southern Europe [ 14 ]. To date, most studies have focused on the constituent analysis of A. caesarea and its culture [ 15 ]. Recently, a polysaccharide separated from A. caesarea has been reported to exhibit strong antioxidant activities; thus, it may be a useful naturally occurring antioxidant [ 15 ].…”

“…To date, most studies have focused on the constituent analysis of A. caesarea and its culture [ 15 ]. Recently, a polysaccharide separated from A. caesarea has been reported to exhibit strong antioxidant activities; thus, it may be a useful naturally occurring antioxidant [ 15 ]. The potentially beneficial effects of A. caesarea on neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD, have not yet been reported.…”

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective effects of Octaviania asterosperma in vitro

“…In addition to these beneficial effects, a polysaccharide isolated from Amanita caesarea has been shown to protect against GLU toxicity in PC12 cells by improving mitochondrial function and attenuating apoptosis (Dogan and Akbas 2013 ). Moreover, extracts from Hericum erinaceus have been shown to protect against AD not only through regulation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, but also via modulation of major neurotransmitters (Zhu et al 2016 ). However, the potential neuroprotective effects of Octaviania asterosperma have not to our knowledge been previously investigated.…”

Nepenthes Ethyl Acetate Extract Provides Oxidative Stress-Dependent Anti-Leukemia Effects

“…2.2. Determination of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azinobis (3-Ethyl-Benzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid) (ABTS), Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activities DPPH [23] and ABTS •+ [24,25] scavenging activities of EANT were detected as described. In brief, 125 µM DPPH in ethanol or ABTS reagents (7.4 mM ABTS •+ and 2.6 mM persulfate) were added (1:1) to EANT (0-1000 µg/mL in DMSO).…”