Structure and antigenicity of the skin basement membrane zone

Fine, Jo‐David

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1991.tb01375.x

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The most important among these are laminin and collagen type IV, which, besides merely mechanically connecting the epidermis and the dermis, also play a fundamental role in the regulation of the principal biological functions of keratinocytes [1,5,14,18,20,22,23,25,26].Through the relationship of these substances with the integrins, a whole series of messages are transmitted from the extracellular matrix to the nuclear compartment (through the cytoskeleton), thus controlling the processes of adhesion, differentiation, proliferation, migration and morphogenesis [7,8,10,17]. The most important among these are laminin and collagen type IV, which, besides merely mechanically connecting the epidermis and the dermis, also play a fundamental role in the regulation of the principal biological functions of keratinocytes [1,5,14,18,20,22,23,25,26].Through the relationship of these substances with the integrins, a whole series of messages are transmitted from the extracellular matrix to the nuclear compartment (through the cytoskeleton), thus controlling the processes of adhesion, differentiation, proliferation, migration and morphogenesis [7,8,10,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour of laminin 1 and type IV collagen in uninvolved psoriatic skin. Immunohistochemical study using confocal laser scanning microscopy

et al. 1996

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Previous studies have demonstrated the presence in psoriatic lesions of ultrastructural and molecular alterations of the basement membrane and an altered polarized distribution of the integrins; this latter alteration has also been observed in uninvolved skin. The aim of the present study was to determine, by means of immunolocalization with monoclonal antibodies directed against laminin 1 and type IV collagen and using confocal scanning laser microscopy, whether there are also alterations of the main components of the basement membrane in uninvolved skin. The findings showed a discontinuous and fragmented staining of laminin 1 and a normal distribution of type IV collagen. Taking into account both these results and the results of studies on epithelial cell lines, the authors hypothesize the existence of a functional deficit in psoriatic keratinocytes affecting the synthesis of the alpha 1 subunit of laminin. This deficit would explain: (1) the incapacity to produce mature trimeric laminin; (2) the altered assembly into a distinct basal lamina; (3) the loss of keratinocyte adhesion to the basement membrane; (4) alterations in the polarized distribution of the integrins; and (5) the consequent total or partial block of the cell signals regulating the processes of cytomorphosis. Already present in uninvolved skin, and enhanced by various irritative stimuli, this situation could be decisive for the appearance of psoriatic lesions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour of laminin 1 and type IV collagen in uninvolved psoriatic skin. Immunohistochemical study using confocal laser scanning microscopy

et al. 1996

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“…Over the last decades, a number of antigens have been identified in the BMZ, the majority of which represent individual BMZ molecules. 4 With IFM it is possible to infer the precise level of skin cleavage of a specimen by determining the site of binding by a series of antibodies directed to these BMZ antigens, which have known ultrastructural binding sites. 2 Antibodies directed against bullous pemphigoid antigen (BP 230), laminin, and type IV collagen were initially most commonly used to delineate the level of the blistering.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study Between Transmission Electron Microscopy and Immunofluorescence Mapping in the Diagnosis of Epidermolysis Bullosa

Yiasemides¹,

Walton²,

Marr³

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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The classification of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) into 3 main subtypes has been based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that is able to directly visualize and quantify specific ultrastructural features. Immunofluorescence antigenic mapping (IFM) is a technique that determines the precise level of skin cleavage by determining binding sites for a series of antibodies. To date, no study has compared the accuracy of these two techniques in diagnosing the major types of EB. A prospective cohort of 33 patients thought to have EB on clinical grounds had TEM, IFM, and genetic testing performed. The sensitivities and specificities of TEM and IFM were calculated compared with the genetic results. Of 33 cases, 30 had a positive EB diagnosis. TEM subclassified EB into its three major forms in 24/30 cases (80%) and IFM in 29/30 cases (97%). Overall, TEM sensitivities and specificities when compared with genetic results were 71% and 81%, respectively. IFM sensitivities and specificities when compared with genetic results were 97% and 100%, respectively. If a patient tested positive for EB by IFM, the likelihood ratio of having a particular type of EB was consistently greater than 20 against the reference standard (compared with a likelihood ratio less than 10 for TEM). Our results indicate that the diagnosis of EB is improved (sometimes substantially) by the use of IFM compared with TEM.

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“…Exchange of information between the epithelium and fibroblasts occurs via the basal lamina: the lamina lucida, the lamina densa and the lamina reticularis. The BMZ is a region specialised for the attachment of the epithelium with the matrix [85,86]. Epithelial cells are attached to the lamina densa, which in turn is attached to the underlying collagen of the lamina reticularis.…”

Section: Epithelial Changes In Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma: a comparison of animal models using stereological methods

Hyde

Miller

Schelegle

et al. 2006

European Respiratory Review

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Asthma is a worldwide health problem that affects 300 million people, as estimated by the World Health Organization. A key question in light of this statistic is: ''what is the most appropriate laboratory animal model for human asthma?''The present authors used stereological methods to assess airways in adults and during postnatal development, and their response to inhaled allergens to compare rodents and nonhuman primates to responses in humans.An epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit was defined in which all of the compartments interact with each other. Asthma manifests itself by altering not only the epithelial compartment but also other compartments (e.g. interstitial, vascular, immunological and nervous). All of these compartments show significant alteration in an airway generation-specific manner in rhesus monkeys but are limited to the proximal airways in mice. The rhesus monkey model shares many of the key features of human allergic asthma including the following: 1) allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E and skin-test positivity; 2) eosinophils and IgE+ cells in airways; 3) a Thelper type 2 cytokine profile in airways; 4) mucus cell hyperplasia; 5) subepithelial fibrosis; 6) basement membrane thickening; and 7) persistent baseline hyperreactivity to histamine or methacholine.In conclusion, the unique responses to inhaled allergens shown in rhesus monkeys make it the most appropriate animal model of human asthma.

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Structure and antigenicity of the skin basement membrane zone

Cited by 36 publications

References 79 publications

Behaviour of laminin 1 and type IV collagen in uninvolved psoriatic skin. Immunohistochemical study using confocal laser scanning microscopy

Behaviour of laminin 1 and type IV collagen in uninvolved psoriatic skin. Immunohistochemical study using confocal laser scanning microscopy

A Comparative Study Between Transmission Electron Microscopy and Immunofluorescence Mapping in the Diagnosis of Epidermolysis Bullosa

Asthma: a comparison of animal models using stereological methods

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