Structurally complex reservoirs: an introduction

Jolley, S. J.; Barr, David; Walsh, John J.; Knipe, R. J.

doi:10.1144/sp292.1

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Due to the fluid conductivity of faults, a failure of one active fault can affect the entire fault network (Jolley et al . ). According to Scotti and Cornet (), an increased fluid pressure can induce aseismic slip events along faults, which may result in a stress build‐up in a less conductive fault segment.…”

Section: Magmatic Co2 Gas Ascent In the Cheb Basinmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In fault systems, stress changes can induce relatively higher fluid pressures, which can be transmitted within the fault systems over long distances, balancing the pressure between different faults (Jolley et al . ) or triggering an earthquake at another location. Along an active fault, a strike‐slip movement can cause a short transient change of the size of fluid channels along faults and can explain the assumed pressure pulses by Heinicke and Koch ().…”

Section: Magmatic Co2 Gas Ascent In the Cheb Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fault systems, stress changes can induce relatively higher fluid pressures, which can be transmitted within the fault systems over long distances, balancing the pressure between different faults (Jolley et al 2007) Appearance recorded in 1958 on the roofpermeability: pit moist to dry, without dropswith permeability <0.1 mD; formation of dropswith permeability from 0.1 to 100 mD, occurring in water saturated flucan courses; drop fallwith permeability 100-10 5 mD occurring within high strain rate zone; approximating raindrop fallwith permeability from 10 5 to 10 7 mD in the following: narrow fractured to breccious, occasionally sandy fluorite zones occurring in veins and shear mylonite sections within high strain rate zone; measurable water flow to water inflowsassociated with hollows and vugs with permeability from 10 7 to 10 8 mD within high strain rate zone, (C) Micro view on the fault asperity, fault movements change the size of the fluid channels and therefore the total fault permeability. .…”

Section: Magmatic Co 2 Gas Ascent In the Cheb Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon dioxide controlled earthquake distribution pattern in the NW Bohemian swarm earthquake region, western Eger Rift, Czech Republic – gas migration in the crystalline basement

Weinlich

2013

Geofluids

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The ascent of magmatic carbon dioxide in the western Eger (Ohře) Rift is interlinked with the fault systems of the Variscian basement. In the Cheb Basin, the minimum CO2 flux is about 160 m3 h−1, with a diminishing trend towards the north and ceasing in the main epicentral area of the Northwest Bohemian swarm earthquakes. The ascending CO2 forms Ca‐Mg‐HCO3 type waters by leaching of cations from the fault planes and creates clay minerals, such as kaolinite, as alteration products on affected fault planes. These mineral reactions result in fault weakness and in hydraulically interconnected fault network. This leads to a decrease in the friction coefficient of the Coulomb failure stress (CFS) and to fault creep as stress build‐up cannot occur in the weak segments. At the transition zone in the north of the Cheb Basin, between areas of weak, fluid conductive faults and areas of locked faults with frictional strength, fluid pressure can increase resulting in stress build‐up. This can trigger strike‐slip swarm earthquakes. Fault creep or movements in weak segments may support a stress build‐up in the transition area by transmitting fluid pressure pulses. Additionally to fluid‐driven triggering models, it is important to consider that fluids ascending along faults are CO2‐supersaturated thus intensifying the effect of fluid flow. The enforced flow of CO2‐supersaturated fluids in the transitional zone from high to low permeability segments through narrowings triggers gas exsolution and may generate pressure fluctuations. Phase separation starts according to the phase behaviour of CO2‐H2O systems in the seismically active depths of NW Bohemia and may explain the vertical distribution of the seismicity. Changes in the size of the fluid transport channels in the fault systems caused, or superimposed, by fault movements, can produce fluid pressure increases or pulses, which are the precondition for triggering fluid‐induced swarm earthquakes.

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Section: Magmatic Co2 Gas Ascent In the Cheb Basinmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In fault systems, stress changes can induce relatively higher fluid pressures, which can be transmitted within the fault systems over long distances, balancing the pressure between different faults (Jolley et al . ) or triggering an earthquake at another location. Along an active fault, a strike‐slip movement can cause a short transient change of the size of fluid channels along faults and can explain the assumed pressure pulses by Heinicke and Koch ().…”

Section: Magmatic Co2 Gas Ascent In the Cheb Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fault systems, stress changes can induce relatively higher fluid pressures, which can be transmitted within the fault systems over long distances, balancing the pressure between different faults (Jolley et al 2007) Appearance recorded in 1958 on the roofpermeability: pit moist to dry, without dropswith permeability <0.1 mD; formation of dropswith permeability from 0.1 to 100 mD, occurring in water saturated flucan courses; drop fallwith permeability 100-10 5 mD occurring within high strain rate zone; approximating raindrop fallwith permeability from 10 5 to 10 7 mD in the following: narrow fractured to breccious, occasionally sandy fluorite zones occurring in veins and shear mylonite sections within high strain rate zone; measurable water flow to water inflowsassociated with hollows and vugs with permeability from 10 7 to 10 8 mD within high strain rate zone, (C) Micro view on the fault asperity, fault movements change the size of the fluid channels and therefore the total fault permeability. .…”

Section: Magmatic Co 2 Gas Ascent In the Cheb Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon dioxide controlled earthquake distribution pattern in the NW Bohemian swarm earthquake region, western Eger Rift, Czech Republic – gas migration in the crystalline basement

Weinlich

2013

Geofluids

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“…Despite notable analogue [ Ghosh and Ramberg , ; Grujic , ; Johns and Mosher , ] and numerical [ Fletcher , ; Kaus and Schmalholz , ; Schmalholz , ; Schmid et al ., ] studies, many aspects of three‐dimensional folding, such as fold elongation and fold linkage, are not fully understood. Fold linkage is important for hydrocarbon exploration, as it can greatly influence both migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons in antiformal traps [ Jolley et al ., ; Sales , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of surface processes and initial topography on lateral fold growth and fold linkage mode

2015

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Elongation of randomly distributed fold segments and their potential linkage are important for hydrocarbon exploration because it can greatly influence the morphology of the reservoir and both migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons in antiformal traps. Here we study the effects of surface processes and the presence of a topographic slope on the different linkage modes that can occur, and how these parameters affect the required horizontal offset for perturbations to link. The proposed numerical model represents a sedimentary cover detached over a much weaker basal décollement layer. The upper surface is modified by mass redistribution, which is achieved by a combination of fluvial and hillslope processes. Several series of simulations were performed: (1) without surface processes or regional slope, (2) with regional slope only, (3) with fluvial incision and hillslope processes, and (4) with hillslope processes only. Model results show that the presence of a regional slope reduces the critical distance required for the transition between linkage and no linkage modes, whereas erosion and redeposition of sediments, on the contrary, increase this distance. The location of the saddle point, where fold segments link, and its vertical distance to the crests of the anticlines are different compared to the case without erosion or initial topographic slope, which potentially can affect the morphology of hydrocarbon traps. Moreover, both erosion and redeposition of sediments enhance the fold elongation (growth along the fold axis), once the erosion velocity exceeds the folding velocity. Model results have been compared to the Zagros Fold Belt.

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“…All of the above components must be considered to analyse reservoir compartmentalization fully (Knipe et al 1998;Walsh et al 1998;Ainsworth 2005Ainsworth , 2006Jolley et al 2007;Manzocchi et al 2008;Hovadik & Larue 2010;McKie et al 2010). In any compartmentalization study, the stratigraphic architecture of the reservoir forms the fundamental building block upon which the other compartmentalization uncertainties (structural, fault seal and diagenesis) must be applied.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prediction of stratigraphic compartmentalization in marginal marine reservoirs

Ainsworth

2010

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Marginal marine depositional systems exhibit stratigraphic reservoir compartmentalization potential at three hierarchical scales. At each of these scales, stratigraphic compartmentalization potential can be related to the dominant depositional processes and accommodation:coarse sediment supply ratio (A/S) that are acting at the time of deposition. All three orders of compartmentalization potential must be considered in order to define optimal field development plans and completion strategies. The lowest order of compartmentalization is usually at the inter-parasequence scale. The parasequence is represented by a conformable succession of strata separated by marine flooding surfaces and as such it generally defines the basic flow unit in marginal marine systems. In systems tracts associated with relatively high A/S ratios, for example late Lowstand, Transgressive and early Highstand (steeply rising shoreline trajectories), vertical compartmentalization potential is relatively high because of the enhanced preservation potential of flooding surface shales under these conditions. In systems tracts associated with relatively low A/S ratios, for example late Highstand, Falling-stage and early Lowstand (flat, slightly rising and falling shoreline trajectories), vertical compartmentalization potential of parasequences is reduced because the potential for erosion of flooding surface shales by overlying deposits is high and hence potential for vertical sand-sand contact between parasequences is enhanced. The second level of compartmentalization hierarchy is the inter sand-body scale. Individual sand bodies are defined within parasequences. The lateral connectivity of these sand bodies is a product of the dominant depositional processes active at the time of their deposition (wave, tidal, fluvial). Wave-dominated systems tend to produce more laterally continuous sand bodies, fluvial-dominated systems more laterally restricted sand bodies and tide-dominated systems both laterally continuous and laterally restricted sand bodies. Vertical compartmentalization potential of these reservoir sand bodies is related to A/S regime. In high A/S regimes, sand bodies are more likely to be disconnected or compartmentalized. In low A/S regimes, erosional amalgamation of sand bodies is more likely thereby leading to lower compartmentalization potential. The third order of potential stratigraphic compartmentalization is the intra sand-body scale. This scale is represented by intra sand-body heterogeneities such as dipping or horizontal shales, carbonaceous-rich beds or laminae, shale abandonment plugs of channels and carbonate concretions. In high A/S regimes the preservation potential of these heterogeneities is relatively high leading to an enhanced potential for intra sand-body compartmentalization. Lower A/S regimes result in a greater likelihood of lateral and vertical erosion of these heterogeneities leading to a higher potential for reservoir connectivity.

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Structurally complex reservoirs: an introduction

Cited by 53 publications

References 149 publications

Carbon dioxide controlled earthquake distribution pattern in the NW Bohemian swarm earthquake region, western Eger Rift, Czech Republic – gas migration in the crystalline basement

Carbon dioxide controlled earthquake distribution pattern in the NW Bohemian swarm earthquake region, western Eger Rift, Czech Republic – gas migration in the crystalline basement

Influence of surface processes and initial topography on lateral fold growth and fold linkage mode

Prediction of stratigraphic compartmentalization in marginal marine reservoirs

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