Structural, thermal and rheological behavior of a bio-based phenolic resin in relation to a commercial resol resin

Domínguez, Juan Carlos Castillo; Oliet, Mercedes; Alonso, Mar; Rojo, Ester; Rodrı́guez, Francisco

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.06.004

Cited by 77 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Figure (a) and Table showed that PRFR‐2 had superior thermal stability because of higher T max1 , T max2 , T max3 , and weight residue at 900 °C compared with those of PFR, PRFR‐1, and PRFR‐3, which was resulted from high degree of branching and large molecular weight of the resin . As shown in Figure (b) and Table , as the F /( P + R ) molar ratios increased, the T max3 and weight residue at 900 °C decreased, indicating that the thermal stability decreased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Resorcinol in high solid phenol−formaldehyde resins for foams production

Liu

Chen

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The acid curing agent content and foaming temperature could be reduced by improving the resol reactivity. In this study, highly active and solid phenol−resorcinol−formaldehyde copolymer resins (PRFRs) with different resorcinol/phenol (R/P) molar ratios and formaldehyde/(phenol + resorcinol) [F/(P + R)] molar ratios were synthesized through the copolymerization of resorcinol, formaldehyde, and phenol. Phenol−resorcinol−formaldehyde foams (PRFFs) were prepared with synthetic PRFRs. The results showed that PRFR‐2 exhibited higher reactivity, faster curing speed, and better thermal stability. In addition, the foam produced with the PRFR‐2 had improved mechanical and flame retardation properties and a compressive strength of 0.18 MPa, a flexural strength of 0.25 MPa, and a limited oxygen index (LOI) greater than 37%. The increased reactivity of the PRFRs correlated with the changing mechanical properties of PRFFs because of the effects of resorcinol and the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol and resorcinol. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44881.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Resorcinol in high solid phenol−formaldehyde resins for foams production

Liu

Chen

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…For the precursor fiber, a lot of peaks can be observed, suggesting that there were more complicated constitutions and structures of the precursor fiber due to the multifarious components of wood and various reactions, such as degradation, phenolation, and polycondensation during liquefaction (Huang et al 2015a). A broad peak located at 3430 cm -1 was assigned to the stretching vibration of hydroxyl, and a group of bands could be observed between 900 cm −1 and 650 cm −1 , characteristic of the out-of-plane bending vibration of C-H in aromatic rings (Domínguez et al 2013), with three peaks at 878, 818, and 752 cm −1 . The peak at 878 cm −1 can be assigned to isolated H in the aromatic rings, and the band at 818 cm −1 is related to 1,4-and 1,2,4-substitutions in aromatic rings.…”

Section: Ftir Analysis Of Precursor Fiber and Prepared Activated Carbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Fibers from Liquefied Wood by ZnCl2 Activation

Liu¹,

Huang²,

Zhao³

2016

BioResources

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In this study, activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were prepared from liquefied wood by chemical activation with ZnCl2, with a particular focus on the effects of temperature and ZnCl2: liquefied wood-based fiber (LWF) ratio on yield, porous texture, and surface chemistry. The characterization and properties of these ACFs were investigated by nitrogen adsorption/desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). When using a 6:1 impregnation ratio, the specific surface area (SBET) of the resultant ACFs was as high as 1423 m 2 /g. The effect of an increase in impregnation ratio on the porosity of ACFs was stronger than that of an increase in the activation temperature. However, the former had a weaker impact on the surface chemistry and structure. It was also found that the yields of ACFs obtained by ZnCl2 activation were higher than those obtained by physical activation. Besides, the prepared ACFs presented higher adsorption than other raw materials in the adsorption test, indicating that ACFs prepared from LWF by ZnCl2 activation could be used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of medium size organic compounds.

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“…The DTA curves show interesting results: while the pure lignin and PFA exhibit two‐step degradation, the blends show three step degradation patterns. This reveals a change in the degradation pattern of PFA in the presence of lignin . The main peak around 465 °C (Figure b) for PFA is due to the degradation of the furan ring in the PFA chain .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Renewable‐Resource‐Based Green Blends from Poly(furfuryl alcohol) Bioresin and Lignin

Deka

Mohanty

Misra

2013

Macro Materials & Eng

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Cover: Introducing adsorbents on pre-made macroporous hydrogel has been used to form a composite network for separation purposes. In this method, adsorbents are pumped through the gel and immobilized via covalent interactions on the pre-made gels. Efficient mass transfer and good flow-through properties can be expected from the monoliths, and immobilizing adsorbents on the surface of the network increases the total binding capacity towards both small and large target molecules. Further details can be found in the article by Solmaz Hajizadeh,* Bo Mattiasson, and Harald Kirsebom on page 631. 519 Protein-based thermoplastics resemble semi-crystalline polymers. Although denaturing of a protein's native structure is often called melting, this does not imply complete unfolding, as true melting would. Some secondary structures remain after denaturing, stay intact above the T g and affect transitions in the amorphous phase.

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Structural, thermal and rheological behavior of a bio-based phenolic resin in relation to a commercial resol resin

Cited by 77 publications

References 25 publications

Resorcinol in high solid phenol−formaldehyde resins for foams production

Resorcinol in high solid phenol−formaldehyde resins for foams production

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Fibers from Liquefied Wood by ZnCl2 Activation

Renewable‐Resource‐Based Green Blends from Poly(furfuryl alcohol) Bioresin and Lignin

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