Structural Stainless Steel Design: Resistance Based on Deformation Capacity

Ashraf, Mahmud; Gardner, Leroy; Nethercot, D.A.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2008)134:3(402)

Cited by 95 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The inability of existing codes to rationally exploit the strain hardening of the material is evident, with stocky sections achieving load-carrying capacities significantly beyond those predicted by current design approaches. A new design approach, the continuous strength method (CSM) [39,40], has been developed to overcome these shortcomings, offering a systematic means of utilising strain hardening, based on crosssection deformation capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative experimental study of hot-rolled and cold-formed rectangular hollow sections

Gardner

Saari

Wang

2010

Thin-Walled Structures

182

127

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Square and rectangular hollow sections are generally produced either by hot-rolling or coldforming. Cross-sections of nominally similar geometries, but from the two different production routes may vary significantly in terms of their general material properties, geometric imperfections, residual stresses, corner geometry and material response and general structural behaviour and load-carrying capacity. In this paper, an experimental programme comprising tensile coupon tests on flat and corner material, measurements of geometric imperfections and residual stresses, stub column tests and simple and continuous beam tests is described. The results of the tests have been combined with other available test data on square and rectangular hollow sections and analysed. Enhancements in yield and ultimate strengths, beyond those quoted in the respective mill certificates, were observed in the corner regions of the cold-formed sections -these are caused by cold-working of the material during production, and predictive models have been proposed. Initial geometric imperfections were generally low in both the hot-rolled and cold-formed sections, with larger imperfections emerging towards the ends of the cold-formed members -these were attributed largely to the release of through thickness residual stresses, which were themselves quantified. The results of the stub column and simple bending tests were used to assess the current slenderness limits given in Eurocode 3, including the possible dependency on Gardner, L., Saari, N. and Wang, F. (2010) Comparative experimental study of hot-rolled and cold-formed rectangular hollow sections. Thin-Walled Structures. 48(7), 495-507. 2 production route, whilst the results of the continuous beam tests were evaluated with reference to the assumptions typically made in plastic analysis and design. Current slenderness limits, assessed on the basis of bending tests, appear appropriate, though the Class 3 slenderness limit, assessed on the basis of compression tests, seems optimistic. Of the features investigated, strain hardening characteristics of the material were identified as being primarily responsible for the differences in structural behaviour between hot-rolled and coldformed sections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative experimental study of hot-rolled and cold-formed rectangular hollow sections

Gardner

Saari

Wang

2010

Thin-Walled Structures

182

127

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“…Application of the continuous strength method to aluminium, stainless steel and high-strength steel has been described by Gardner and Ashraf, 22 and specifically to stainless steel by Gardner and Nethercot 21 and Ashraf et al 28,29 For stainless steel, the pronounced strength enhancements that arise in the corner regions of cold-formed sections 30 owing to high localised plastic deformation were also incorporated into the design method. Average increases in resistance over the existing methods (Eurocode) of around 30% for stainless steel and 10% for aluminium were observed.…”

Section: Application To Other Metallic Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The continuous strength method

Gardner

2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures

172

148

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Many of the principal concepts that underpin current metallic structural design codes were developed on the basis of bilinear (elastic, perfectly-plastic) material behaviour; such material behaviour lends itself to the concept of section classification. The continuous strength method represents an alternative treatment to crosssection classification, which is based on a continuous relationship between slenderness and (inelastic) local buckling and a rational exploitation of strain hardening. The development and application of the continuous strength method to structural steel design is described herein. Materials that exhibit a high degree of nonlinearity and strain hardening, such as aluminium, stainless steel and some high-strength steels, fit less appropriately into the framework of cross-section classification, and generally benefit to a greater extent from the continuous strength method. The method provides better agreement with test results in comparison to existing design codes, and offers increases in member resistance and a reduction in scatter of the prediction. An additional benefit of the proposed approach is that cross-section deformation capacity is explicitly determined in the calculations, thus enabling a more sophisticated and informed assessment of ductility supply and demand. Further developments to the method are under way.

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“…This has been highlighted in previous studies investigating the ultimate capacity of stainless steel cross-sections and members and an alternative design method, termed the continuous strength method (CSM) has been developed [22,37,50] and statistically validated [51]. The CSM has also been applied successfully to structural carbon steel [52].…”

Section: Prediction Of Actual Bending Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%