Structural lithium ion battery electrolytes<i>via</i>reaction induced phase-separation

Ihrner, Niklas; Johannisson, Wilhelm; Sieland, Fabian; Zenkert, Dan; Johansson, Mats

doi:10.1039/c7ta04684g

Cited by 107 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…where E f is the elastic modulus of the fibers (294 GPa) (32) and E m is the elastic modulus of the SBE [0.4 GPa (25)]. The layer thicknesses of the carbon fiber t cf and separator t s , as well as the longitudinal elastic moduli of the carbon fiber layers are given in SI Appendix, Table S1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these are structurally low performing and cannot be used to transfer mechanical load. An SBE has been developed recently for structural battery applications that adheres to carbon fibers, transfers mechanical load, conducts Li ions, and allows Li insertion into carbon fibers (25)(26)(27). The SBE consists of two phases: a structural polymer backbone for mechanical load transfer and a liquid for ion conductivity, forming an interpenetrating and percolating network on a nanoscale (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Shape-morphing carbon fiber composite using electrochemical actuation

Johannisson

Harnden

Zenkert

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Structures that are capable of changing shape can increase efficiency in many applications, but are often heavy and maintenance intensive. To reduce the mass and mechanical complexity solid-state morphing materials are desirable but are typically nonstructural and problematic to control. Here we present an electrically controlled solid-state morphing composite material that is lightweight and has a stiffness higher than aluminum. It is capable of producing large deformations and holding them with no additional power, albeit at low rates. The material is manufactured from commercial carbon fibers and a structural battery electrolyte, and uses lithium-ion insertion to produce shape changes at low voltages. A proof-of-concept material in a cantilever setup is used to show morphing, and analytical modeling shows good correlation with experimental observations. The concept presented shows considerable promise and paves the way for stiff, solid-state morphing materials.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape-morphing carbon fiber composite using electrochemical actuation

Johannisson

Harnden

Zenkert

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The elastic properties for this polymer system can be altered by changing the cross-linking density in relation to the ethylene oxide groups as described in the study by Leijonmark. The positive electrode matrix is assumed to be made of a bi-continuous polymer network developed by Ihrner et al [25].…”

Section: Materials and Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The baseline values are referred to as the baseline configuration. Based on experimental data [6,25,28] the Young's modulus of the coating and matrix are assumed to be 0.1 GPa and 0.5 GPa respectively for the baseline case. The matrix is also reinforced with lithium metal particles which further enhance the effective stiffness of the particle reinforced matrix (for the baseline case in discharged state ‫ܧ‬ ୫ ୣ = 1.81 GPa).…”

Section: Parametric Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of state of charge on elastic properties of 3D structural battery composites

Carlstedt

Marklund

Asp

2019

Composites Science and Technology

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The effects of state of charge (SOC) on the elastic properties of 3D structural battery composites are studied. An analytical model based on micromechanical models is developed to estimate the effective elastic properties of 3D structural battery composite laminae at different SOC. A parametric study is performed to evaluate how different design parameters such as volume fraction of active materials, stiffness of constituents, type of positive electrode material, etc. affect the moduli of the composite lamina for extremes in SOC. Critical parameters and configurations resulting in large variations in elastic properties due to change in SOC are identified. As the extreme cases are of primary interest in structural design, the effective elastic properties are only estimated for the electrochemical states corresponding to discharged (SOC=0) and fully charged (SOC=1) battery. The change in SOC is simulated by varying the volume and elastic properties of the constituents based on data from literature. Parametric finite element (FE) models for square and hexagonal fibre packing arrangements are also analysed in the commercial FE software COMSOL and used to validate the analytical model. The present study shows that the transverse elastic properties ‫ܧ‬ ଶ and ‫ܩ‬ ଶଷ and the in-plane shear modulus ‫ܩ‬ ଵଶ are strongly affected by the SOC while the

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“…[24][25][26][27] However, it is notable that this approach results in no gravimetric advantage for the system compared to simply just externally connecting the battery, and can result in a mechanical disadvantage for the composite at the battery packaging/epoxy interface. With this said, only recently have approaches been demonstrated for direct integration of battery materials into structural composites, but these approaches so far have demonstrated negligibly low energy density relative to the total mass of combined active and composite materials with moderate cycling stability [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] or moderate energy density and low cycling stability. 38 Outside of structural batteries, it is known that surfaces and interfaces are critical to achieve stable, high performance energy storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%