Structural characteristics of polysaccharide microcapsules from Nostoc commune, and their applications in skin wound healing and pathological repair

Abstract

In this study, the extraction conditions of Nostoc commune Vauch polysaccharide (NCVP) were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments. Then, the NCVP microcapsules (NCVPM) were prepared. After analyzing the microcapsule structural and thermal characteristics, the skin wound healing ability was studied by establishing back trauma rat models. Results showed that the NCVP yield was 10.37% under the following optimum conditions: 210 min extraction time, solid–liquid ratio of 1:50 and extraction temperature of 90 °C. The overall performance of the microcapsule was the best when the concentration of sodium alginate, calcium chloride and chitosan was 2%, 3% and 0.3%, respectively. NCVPM had spherical morphology, typical microcapsule structural characteristics and good thermal stability, and NCVP was dispersed in the microcapsules. NCVPM showed good biocompatibility and biodegradability, which met the requirements for slow-release polymer materials. After 14 days of treatment, the wound healing rate was 92.4%, the cells were arranged neatly and regularly, the cell nucleus became large and elliptical, the cell had a tendency to divide, and the fibers and microvessel were significantly more. By evaluating the mechanism, NCVPM could increase the content of hydroxyproline and glutathione to protect cells from oxidative damage, leading in turn to accelerated wound healing and shorter wound healing times. It could also accelerate cell division, collagen and microvascular production by increasing transcription levels of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and miRNA-21.

Nostoc commune Vauch. Polysaccharide alleviates Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity by changing gut bacteriome, mycobiome, and metabolome

“…Nostoc commune Vauch. polysaccharide (NCVP) have antibacterial [25], wound healing [26], and prebiotic activity [9]. NCVP can also inhibit colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis [27], breast cancer [28], and lung cancer [29].…”

Resveratrol Triggered the Quick Self-Assembly of Gallic Acid into Therapeutic Hydrogels for Healing of Bacterially Infected Wounds

“…2,3 The repair of skin wounds is a dynamic and complex process with four consecutive and overlapping stages including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, which also involves multiple synergistic effects such as growth factors, cytokines, and transformation factors. 4 Among them, the continuous inflammatory response and bacterial infection are even more harmful to the formation of granulation tissue, leading to delayed wound healing. 5,6 At present, common wound healing dressings on the market have a limited range of applications.…”

“…Skin is believed as the first and important protective barrier of the human body against foreign agent intrusion such as virus, bacteria, and toxins . Once the skin was damaged, bad consequences would occur such as inflammation, bacterial infection, scar formation, and so on. , The repair of skin wounds is a dynamic and complex process with four consecutive and overlapping stages including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, which also involves multiple synergistic effects such as growth factors, cytokines, and transformation factors . Among them, the continuous inflammatory response and bacterial infection are even more harmful to the formation of granulation tissue, leading to delayed wound healing. , At present, common wound healing dressings on the market have a limited range of applications.…”

All-Aqueous Microfluidics Fabrication of Multifunctional Bioactive Microcapsules Promotes Wound Healing

“…Moreover, the hydrazide-metal coordination cross-linked hybrid hydrogels also obtain broad-spectrum antibacterial activity for promoting infected wound healing . Among all the wound treating materials in existence, microcapsules, as a particular type of hydrogel particles, have caught extensive attention with their ability to achieve rapid hemostasis, absorb tissue exudates, reduce inflammatory infiltration, and load multiple drugs. , However, it is relatively difficult to control the size distribution using conventional emulsification methods for fabricating microcapsules, resulting in poor control over the therapeutic efficacy between different batches of the generated microcapsules . Moreover, conventional emulsification methods for preparing microcapsules usually involve organic solvents and surfactants to disperse the gel precursors .…”