Structural and mechanical characteristics of exosomes from osteosarcoma cells explored by 3D-atomic force microscopy

Yurtsever, Ayhan; Yoshida, Takeshi; Behjat, Arash Badami; Araki, Yoshihiro; Hanayama, Rikinari; Fukuma, Takeshi

doi:10.1039/d0nr09178b

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…In regime 2 the AFM measurement process is considered fast in relation to the large-scale changes in cell membrane structure but slow in relation to the small-scale changes in membrane composition. This level of resolution is sufficient to assign changes in gross morphological structure, such as for those occurring in cell division [ 41 , 42 ], exosome formation [ 43 ], pseudopodia/microvilli projections [ 44 , 45 ] and cell membrane reorganization [ 29 , 30 , 32 ]. However, the rate of AFM measurement is not sufficient to track and identify molecular level changes in plasma membrane components.…”

Section: Theory and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later developments to increase the speed and resolution of AFM imaging [ 16 , 36 , 64 ] have made possible the observation of dynamic biological events [e.g. see 29 , 33 , 36 , 40 , 43 , 45 , 70 , 71 ]. The current work started with a general question, ‘how confidently can one relate changes observed in consecutive HS-AFM images of a living cell membrane’.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regards to the first question, ‘What situations are assignable by AFM?’ , in this work we developed a process (Eqns. 4–9) for estimating the retention of a once encountered molecule within a demarcated region of measurement that exists as an open system within a larger membrane area [ 30 , 31 , 43 ]. By factoring in the AFM tip scan rate and likely component mobility values, an ‘assignability’ position dependence was determined specifically for the positive-negative return time ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another type of gross cell movement can be affected by generalized swelling or shrinkage [ 84 ]. Examples of more localized forms of movement are those associated with membrane remodeling (endo- or exocytosis) [ 43 , 82 ] or cell division [ 41 ]. Nevertheless, a static cell ‘resting state’, in which large scale movements in set sub-regions or by the entire cell, either do not occur or can be rendered negligible through operation of the AFM over a much faster time scale (Regime 2→3), is a known phenomenon for most cell-types, so when observation of cell movement is not the goal of the study, appropriate experimental preparation can minimize the potential complicating effects of movement during the timescale of an AFM measurement [ 85 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practical considerations for feature assignment in high-speed AFM of live cell membranes

Hall

Foster

2022

BIOPHYSICS

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High speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is, in principle, capable of yielding nanometer level detail about the surface of static structures. However, for highly dynamic samples HS-AFM may struggle with the correct feature assignment both within and between frames. Feature assignment in HS-AFM is dependent on (i) the intrinsic sampling rate, and (ii) the rate of internal redistribution of the sample. Whilst the first quantity (the sampling rate) is defined by the device parameters, the second quantity is frequently unknown, and is often the desired target of the measurement. This work examines how, even in the absence of gross cell morphological change, the rapid dynamics of living cell membranes, may impose an upper spatial limit to the frame-to-frame assignment of cell micro-topography and other related properties (such as local elasticity) whose motion may be described stochastically. Such a practical maximum may prove useful in the setup of HS-AFM experiments involving dynamic surfaces thereby facilitating selection of the most parsimonious relationship between observation size, image pixilation and sampling rates. To assist with performing the described calculations a graphical user interface-based software package called HS-AFM UGOKU is made freely available.

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Section: Theory and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practical considerations for feature assignment in high-speed AFM of live cell membranes

Hall

Foster

2022

BIOPHYSICS

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“…It is employed as a nanoscale mean to define the frequency, biomechanics, morphology, as well as biomolecular structure of exosome. This mean has the capability to estaimate samples in native circumstances with minimal provision [ 78 , 79 ].…”

Section: Exosome Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their derivative exosome in skin wound healing: a comprehensive review

et al. 2022

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Recently, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and also their exosome has become a game-changing tool in the context of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs due to their competencies to establish skin cells, such as fibroblast and keratinocyte, and also their unique attribute to suppress inflammation in wound site has attracted increasing attention among scholars. In addition, MSC’s other capabilities to induce angiogenesis as a result of secretion of pro-angiogenic factors accompanied with marked anti-fibrotic activities, which mainly mediated by the releases matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), make them a rational and effective strategy to accelerate wound healing with a small scar. Since the chief healing properties of the MSCs depend on their paracrine effects, it appears that MSCs-derived exosomes also can be an alternative option to support wound healing and skin regeneration as an innovative cell-free approach. Such exosomes convey functional cargos (e.g., growth factor, cytokine, miRNA, etc.) from MSCs to target cells, thereby affecting the recipient skin cells’ biological events, such as migration, proliferation, and also secretion of ECM components (e.g., collagen). The main superiorities of exosome therapy over parental MSCs are the diminished risk of tumor formation and also lower immunogenicity. Herein, we deliver an overview of recent in vivo reports rendering the therapeutic benefits of the MSCs-based therapies to ease skin wound healing, and so improving quality of life among patients suffering from such conditions.

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Mapping the Three‐Dimensional Nanostructure of the Ionic Liquid–Solid Interface Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Elbourne

Dupont²,

Kariuki

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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an IL was a pure salt with melting point below 100 °C, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] however, this definition has expanded in recent years to include ionic solvents which have salt concentrations substantially greater than conventional electrolytes. [9,10] ILs can be broadly characterized into sub-classes based on their chemical structure or synthesis procedure, such as protic [8,11] and aprotic ILs, [12,13] among other classes. [14][15][16] ILs can be tailored to be highly thermally or chemically stable, have large electrochemical windows and/or negligible-volatility. [6,8,11,[17][18][19] These properties have made them interesting solvent candidates for a range of applications, including organic reaction media, [20][21][22][23] lubrication, [24,25] electrodeposition, [26][27][28][29][30] materials extraction, [31][32][33][34] catalysis, [35][36][37] and materials chemistry. [38][39][40][41][42][43] ILs are often nanostructured on the molecular length scale, both in the bulk liquid [3,[44][45][46][47] and at an interface. [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] Bulk IL nanostructure has been studied using numerous scattering techniques [44,45,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] (X-rays, neutron, etc.) and a variety of computational approaches. [66][67][68][69][70] Together, these studies have suggested that many ILs form a self-assembled, heterogeneous Ionic liquids (ILs) are a widely investigated class of solvents for scientific and industrial applications due to their desirable and "tunable" properties. The IL-solid interface is a complex entity, and despite intensive investigation, its true nature remains elusive. The understanding of the IL-solid interface has evolved over the last decade from a simple 1D double layer, to a 2D ordered interface, and finally a liquid-specific, complex 3D ordered liquid interface. However, most studies depend solely on one technique, which often only examine one aspect of the interfacial nanostructure. Here, a holistic study of the protic IL-solid interface is presented, which provides a more detailed picture of IL interfacial solvation. The 3D nanostructure of the ethylammonium nitrate (EAN)-mica interface is investigated using a combination of 1D, 2D, and 3D amplitude modulated-atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Importantly, it is found that the EAN-mica interface is more complex than previously reported, possessing surface-adsorbed, near-surface, surface-normal, and lateral heterogeneity, which propagates at relatively large distances from the solid substrate. The work presented in this study meaningfully enhances the understanding of the IL-solid interface.

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Structural and mechanical characteristics of exosomes from osteosarcoma cells explored by 3D-atomic force microscopy

Abstract: Exosomes have recently gained interest as mediators of cell-to-cell communication and as potential biomarkers for cancer and other diseases. They also have potential as nanocarriers for drug delivery systems. Therefore,...

Cited by 35 publications

References 98 publications

Practical considerations for feature assignment in high-speed AFM of live cell membranes

Practical considerations for feature assignment in high-speed AFM of live cell membranes

The application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their derivative exosome in skin wound healing: a comprehensive review

Mapping the Three‐Dimensional Nanostructure of the Ionic Liquid–Solid Interface Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

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