Structural and functional brain abnormalities in schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study at different stages of the disease

Zhao, Chao; Zhu, Jiajia; Liu, Xiaoyi; Pu, Chengcheng; Lai, Yunyao; Chen, Lei; Yu, Xin; Hong, Nan

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.017

Cited by 111 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been widely indicated by studies in areas of epidemiology, genetics and neuroimaging [3]. For example, structural brain abnormalities are apparent in the beginning stages of schizophrenia [4,5]; there were cases in which young people frequently suffered abnormal cognition and emotion abilities just before the appearance of the mental illness [6]; and primates suffering neonatal lesions had a disabled motion capability [7].As a type of insulin-like protein, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is an integral component of the cell system in human bodies that serves as a communication channel regarding the physiological circumstances [8]. Accumulated evidence has convincingly demonstrated that IGF has an indispensable and crucial role to play in nerve growth [9].…”

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confidence: 98%

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Altered insulin-like growth factor-2 signaling is associated with psychopathology and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia

et al. 2020

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BackgroundSchizophrenia is linked with abnormal brain neurodevelopment, on which IGF-2 (insulin-like growth factor-2) has a great impact. The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of serum IGF-2 and its binding proteins IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-7 in schizophrenia patients and the associations of these proteins with schizophrenia psychopathology and cognitive deficits. -Q, et al. (2020) Altered insulin-like growth factor-2 signaling is associated with psychopathology and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0226688. ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that serum IGF-2 was significantly correlated with negative and cognitive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting that altered IGF-2 signaling may be implicated in the psychopathology and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. BackgroundAccording to a hypothesis about schizophrenia, if an adult suffers from severe mental illness, the central nervous system must have developed in a disrupted manner [1,2]. This has been widely indicated by studies in areas of epidemiology, genetics and neuroimaging [3]. For example, structural brain abnormalities are apparent in the beginning stages of schizophrenia [4,5]; there were cases in which young people frequently suffered abnormal cognition and emotion abilities just before the appearance of the mental illness [6]; and primates suffering neonatal lesions had a disabled motion capability [7].As a type of insulin-like protein, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is an integral component of the cell system in human bodies that serves as a communication channel regarding the physiological circumstances [8]. Accumulated evidence has convincingly demonstrated that IGF has an indispensable and crucial role to play in nerve growth [9]. During the development of brains, IGF signaling regulates the growth survival, maturations, and proliferation of many types of nerve cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, NPC (nerve precursor cell) and NSC (nerve stem cell) [9]. In addition, IGF sends basic signals to NSC cells directing them to grow into particular lineages in early development and influences their specific biological roles in late development, with the help of other nerve signals [9]. Individuals suffering from IGF gene mutations are vulnerable to physically disabled growth, nanocephaly or intellectual disability [10,11,12].Two different IGF ligands, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), have drawn much attention in recent studies. Researchers have shown that IGF-1 signaling plays a role in schizophrenia pathogenesis [13,14,15]. Specifically, plasma IGF-1 levels were decreased in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia patients and were inversely correlated with positive symptom scores and hallucination subscores [13]. Antipsychotic treatment can increase serum IGF-1 levels in schizophrenia patients, and those patients with a greater increase showed a reduction in positive symptom scores to a higher extent [14]. Palomino et al. studied and showed that the...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 98%

Altered insulin-like growth factor-2 signaling is associated with psychopathology and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia

et al. 2020

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“…These fluctuations are sensitive to changes in brain development (Smyser et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2016), aging (Biswal et al, 2010), cognitive deficits (Z. Deng, Chandrasekaran, Wang, & Wong, 2016;Takeuchi et al, 2015), psychiatric illness (Hare et al, 2016;Lui et al, 2015;Meda et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2017), and neurodevelopmental disorders (Itahashi et al, 2015;F. Li et al, 2014; R. Li et al, 2015;Mascali et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

A machine learning investigation of volumetric and functional MRI abnormalities in adults born preterm

Shang

Fisher

Bäuml

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Imaging studies have characterized functional and structural brain abnormalities in adults after premature birth, but these investigations have mostly used univariate methods that do not account for hypothesized interdependencies between brain regions or quantify accuracy in identifying individuals. To overcome these limitations, we used multivariate machine learning to identify gray matter volume (GMV) and amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) brain patterns that best classify young adults born very preterm/very low birth weight (VP/VLBW; n = 94) from those born full‐term (FT; n = 92). We then compared the spatial maps of the structural and functional brain signatures and validated them by assessing associations with clinical birth history and basic cognitive variables. Premature birth could be predicted with a balanced accuracy of 80.7% using GMV and 77.4% using ALFF. GMV predictions were mediated by a pattern of subcortical and middle temporal reductions and volumetric increases of the lateral prefrontal, medial prefrontal, and superior temporal gyrus regions. ALFF predictions were characterized by a pattern including increases in the thalamus, pre‐ and post‐central gyri, and parietal lobes, in addition to decreases in the superior temporal gyri bilaterally. Decision scores from each classification, assessing the degree to which an individual was classified as a VP/VLBW case, were predicted by the number of days in neonatal hospitalization and birth weight. ALFF decision scores also contributed to the prediction of general IQ, which highlighted their potential clinical significance. Combined, the results clarified previous research and suggested that primary subcortical and temporal damage may be accompanied by disrupted neurodevelopment of the cortex.

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“…Nevertheless, many research results are not entirely consistent or even contrary. For instance, researchers have reported increased ReHo in the frontal lobe[12, 47,48], but others have failed to repeat the results and have even found decreased ReHo values in the frontal lobe [49]. Several factors, such as head motion regression model, cultural backgrounds, illness courses, illness heterogeneity, experimental parameters, and statistical methods, may be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between abnormal neural activities and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia

Yan

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Prior resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies via the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method have demonstrated inconsistent and conflicting results because of several confounding factors, such as small sample size, medicinal influence, and illness duration.Relationships between ReHo measures and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive firstepisode schizophrenia (dn-FES) are rarely reported. This study was conducted to explore the correlations between ReHo measures, cognitive deficits, and clinical symptoms in patients with dn- FES.Methods: A total of 69 patients with dn-FES and 74 healthy controls were recruited. MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess cognitive function, intelligence quotient (IQ), and clinical symptoms, respectively. The correlations between ReHo map and cognitive deficits, the severity of symptoms were examined using strict correlation analyses within brain areas. Results:The ReHo values in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) increased in the dn-FES group, whereas the ReHo values in the right cuneus decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the ReHo values in the right MFG were positively correlated with attention/vigilance impairments, social cognition deficits, the severity of clinical manifestations. Conclusions:These findings suggested that abnormal spontaneous activities in the right MFG reflect the illness severity and cognitive deficits, which serves as a basis for establishing the objective diagnostic markers and might be a clinical intervention target for patients with schizophrenia.

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Structural and functional brain abnormalities in schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study at different stages of the disease

Cited by 111 publications

References 38 publications

Altered insulin-like growth factor-2 signaling is associated with psychopathology and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia

Altered insulin-like growth factor-2 signaling is associated with psychopathology and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia

A machine learning investigation of volumetric and functional MRI abnormalities in adults born preterm

Relationships between abnormal neural activities and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia

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