Structural and dielectric properties of CuCl2 and ZnCl2 doped polyaniline

Abstract

This article addresses the synthesis and characterization of polyaniline (PANI) both in pure and doped forms with various levels of CuCl 2 and ZnCl 2 in HCl medium where ammonium persulphate was used as an oxidant. Synthesized polymeric materials were characterized spectroscopically (UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Atomic absorption spectroscopy), thermally (Differential scanning calorimetry), and morphologically (Scanning electron microscopy). Free adsorption energy was calculated via Langmuir adsorption isotherm based on the quantities of Cu 2þ and Zn 2þ cations in both pre-and post-polymerization process where it was found that Cu 2þ and Zn 2þ are adsorbed physically on PANI surface. The dielectric measurements as a function of frequency and temperature showed that conductivity decreased with increasing doping levels of metal cations at high temperatures.

Synthesis, Characterization, and AC Conductivity of Polyaniline/Selenium Composites

“…[2,3,[5][6][7][9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Absorption bands at 791, 1236, 1294, and 1558 cm −1 are characteristic peaks of the ES form of PANI. [5,6,9,17] The N-H stretching band observed, for 3443 cm −1 of undoped PANI, gradually decreases with Se doping, which might be due to interaction between metal cations and nitrogen atoms in the polymer chain. The peak observed at around 3100 cm −1 is thought to be due to O-H bands, which may have been the result of variations in the humidity of samples during pellet preparation and measurement.…”

“…[3,[5][6][7][9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18][19] The peaks in the spectrum of the undoped PANI were observed at 3443 cm −1 (N-H stretching mode), 1558 cm −1 (C=C stretching of the quinoid ring), 1467 cm −1 (C=C stretching of the benzenoid ring), 1385 cm −1 (C-N stretching mode for quinoid units), 1294 cm −1 (C-N stretching mode), 1236 cm −1 (C-N stretching mode for quinoid units), 1096 cm −1 (C-H bending), and 791 cm −1 (C-H stretching). [2,3,[5][6][7][9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Absorption bands at 791, 1236, 1294, and 1558 cm −1 are characteristic peaks of the ES form of PANI. [5,6,9,17] The N-H stretching band observed, for 3443 cm −1 of undoped PANI, gradually decreases with Se doping, which might be due to interaction between metal cations and nitrogen atoms in the polymer chain.…”

“…Our value showed that the metal cations were adsorbed physically on the polymer molecules by electrostatic interactions. [5] N-H units without adsorbed Se were neutralized with nitrate ions. This interaction mechanism is given in Fig.…”

“…These composites are usually prepared by doping metal or metallic salts into the conducting polymers and their derivatives by different methods and under various conditions. [5,7,9,[12][13][14][15]17,22] The type of conducting polymer used, polymerization conditions, and physical/chemical properties of the doping material are very important in terms of the properties of the composite materials to be prepared.…”

Study of cylindrical Zn/PANI secondary batteries with the electrolyte containing alkylimidazolium ionic liquid

“…As cathode material, polyaniline was doped with various dopants under certain synthesis conditions and could obtain much high specific capacity [17][18][19]. At present, the study of polyaniline doped with zinc ion was mainly focus on the conductivity, the morphology and its molecular structure characterized by various common analytical techniques [20][21][22]. It was scarcely reported that polyaniline doped with zinc ion as cathode material was applied to the secondary batteries.…”