Structural analysis, electronic and optical properties of the synthesized Sb₂S₃nanowires with small band gap

Abstract

We report a simple colloidal synthesis of two types of Sb 2 S 3 nanowires with small band gap and high aspect ratio. Field-emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies confirmed formation of high aspect ratio Sb 2 S 3 nanowires, separated in the form of bundles and coalesced with each other in long bars. Diffuse reflectance and absorption spectroscopies revealed that the optical band-gap energies of the synthesized nanowires separated in the form of bundles are 1.56 and 1.59 eV, and coalesced with each other in long bars are 1.36 and 1.28 eV, respectively. The structure refinement showed that Sb 2 S 3 powders belong to the orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma (no. 62). It was found that Sb 2 S 3 nanowires separated in the form of bundles predominantly grow along the [0 1 0] direction being in the needle-like shape. The nanowires coalesced with each other in long bars rise in the form of long bars, are ribbon-like in shape and have expressed {1 0 1} facets which grow along the [0 1 0] direction. No peaks in photoluminescence spectra were observed in the spectral range from 250 to 600 nm. In order to shed more light on the experimental results concerning the band-gap energies and, in the literature generally poorly investigated electronic properties of the synthesized material, we performed theoretical calculations of the electronic structure and optical properties of the Sb 2 S 3 samples synthesized here. This was done on the basis of density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation, and also with an improved version of the exchange potential suggested recently by Tran and Blaha. The main characteristic is the significant improvement of the band gap value.

High‐efficiency Sb2S3‐based hybrid solar cell at low light intensity: cell made of synthesized Cu and Se‐doped Sb2S3

“…The reason for this is the low rate mobility of holes compared with electrons. In support of this assertion, experiments and theoretical calculations performed for the synthesized Sb 2 S 3 showed significant differences in the effective masses of an electron and a hole ( m e * = 1.035 m e and m h * = 1.843 m e ) . According to calculations, the effective mass of a hole is much greater, which means that holes are less mobile than electrons.…”

“…There have been no reports in literature so far on the application of synthesized Sb 2 S 3 material even in simple photovoltaic cell devices. On the other hand, we have reported quite a number of experimental and theoretical results on the synthesized amorphous and crystalline Sb 2 S 3 powders , and polyaniline (PANI), one of the most important conductive polymers that has been widely applied in modern technology including solar cells .…”

Efficient and novel Sb2 S3 based solar cells with chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol)/electrolyte blend

“…In our previous papers, lots of attention have been devoted to investigation and characterization of electronic properties of synthesized undoped and doped Sb 2 S 3 films for application in solar cells . Therefore, in this article, we will look back on that characteristics, but we will do the same new ones.…”

“…For Sb 2 S 3 ‐based hybrid solar cell, 3 different Sb 2 S 3 powders (p‐, undoped‐, and n‐ Sb 2 S 3 ) were synthesized and their detail experimental procedure has been described in previous studies …”

“…Mostly, the thin films that are made from Sb 2 S 3 were derived from solutions depending on whether dye sensitized or photo‐electrochemical solar cells were made . Recently, we reported synthesis for producing amorphous and crystalline, doped and undoped Sb 2 S 3 powders with excellent electronic properties, ie, convenient band gap . Only Mokurala et al synthesized crystalline Sb 2 S 3 nanorods using antimony trichloride, oleylamine, thiourea, hexanethiol acetone, and toluene, by hot‐injection technique and applied it in solar cell .…”