“…In the mouse, these cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) comprise between 1 and 2% of all striatal cells, but through their extensive arborization, they affect the activity of both dopaminergic nerve terminals and the medium spiny neurons that encode striatal output (Bolam et al, 1984;Calabresi et al, 2000;Threlfell et al, 2012;Wilson et al, 1990). Dysfunction in striatal cholinergic tone has been observed in movement disorders including dystonia and Huntington's disease (Farrar et al, 2011;Sciamanna et al, 2012), and our previous research implicates a role for a change in ChI physiology in LID (Ding et al, 2011;Won et al, 2014). In extracellular recordings of ChI firing rate, enhanced baseline excitability and hypersensitivity to dopamine are both associated with LID in mouse models of PD.…”