Streptococcus suis pathogenesis—A diverse array of virulence factors for a zoonotic lifestyle

Tram, Greg; Jennings, Michael P.; Blackall, P. J.; Atack, John M.

doi:10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.12.002

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 193 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Streptococcus suis is an important swine and zoonotic pathogen, for which many virulence factors have been identified ( Fulde and Valentin-Weigand, 2013 ; Goyette-Desjardins et al, 2014 ; Vötsch et al, 2018 ; Tram et al, 2021 ). The SntA protein has been reported to be involved in the virulence of S. suis by favoring iron acquisition, inhibiting host antioxidant protein AOP2 and inhibiting the complement system ( Wan et al, 2017 ; Deng et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme Characterization of Pro-virulent SntA, a Cell Wall-Anchored Protein of Streptococcus suis, With Phosphodiesterase Activity on cyclic-di-AMP at a Level Suited to Limit the Innate Immune System

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus agalactiae evade the innate immune system of the infected host by mechanisms mediated by cell wall-anchored proteins: SntA and CdnP, respectively. The former has been reported to interfere with complement responses, and the latter dampens STING-dependent type-I interferon (IFN) response by hydrolysis of bacterial cyclic-di-AMP (c-di-AMP). Both proteins are homologous but, while CdnP has been studied as a phosphohydrolase, the enzyme activities of SntA have not been investigated. The core structure of SntA was expressed in Escherichia coli as a GST-tagged protein that, after affinity purification, was characterized as phosphohydrolase with a large series of substrates. This included 3′-nucleotides, 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotides, cyclic and linear dinucleotides, and a variety of phosphoanhydride or phosphodiester compounds, most of them previously considered as substrates of E. coli CpdB, a periplasmic protein homologous to SntA and CdnP. Catalytic efficiency was determined for each SntA substrate, either by dividing parameters kcat/KM obtained from saturation curves or directly from initial rates at low substrate concentrations when saturation curves could not be obtained. SntA is concluded to act as phosphohydrolase on two groups of substrates with efficiencies higher or lower than ≈ 105 M–1 s–1 (average value of the enzyme universe). The group with kcat/KM ≥ 105 M–1 s–1 (good substrates) includes 3′-nucleotides, 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotides, and linear and cyclic dinucleotides (notably c-di-AMP). Compounds showing efficiencies <104 M–1 s–1 are considered poor substrates. Compared with CpdB, SntA is more efficient with its good substrates and less efficient with its poor substrates; therefore, the specificity of SntA is more restrictive. The efficiency of the SntA activity on c-di-AMP is comparable with the activity of CdnP that dampens type-I IFN response, suggesting that this virulence mechanism is also functional in S. suis. SntA modeling revealed that Y530 and Y633 form a sandwich with the nitrogen base of nucleotidic ligands in the substrate-binding site. Mutants Y530A-SntA, Y633A-SntA, and Y530A+Y633A-SntA were obtained and kinetically characterized. For orientation toward the catalytic site, one tyrosine is enough, although this may depend on the substrate being attacked. On the other hand, both tyrosines are required for the efficient binding of good SntA substrates.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme Characterization of Pro-virulent SntA, a Cell Wall-Anchored Protein of Streptococcus suis, With Phosphodiesterase Activity on cyclic-di-AMP at a Level Suited to Limit the Innate Immune System

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thirty-five putative virulence-associated genes preferentially present in highly pathogenic S. suis serotype 2 strains [ 31 , 32 ] were analyzed among S. suis serotype 4 genomes. As shown in Figure 2 , 18 of 35 putative virulence-associated genes were present in all S. suis serotype 4 genomes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an outgroup, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 700669 (NC_011900) was used to root the tree, and tree visualization was completed using tvBOT v2.5.2 [ 30 ]. The distribution of 35 putative virulence-associated genes of S. suis , as described in previous reports [ 31 , 32 ] (listed in Table S1), was investigated among the 126 S. suis serotype 4 genomes. Genes with coverage <80% or a nucleotide sequence identity <80% were determined to be absent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus suis serotype 4: a population with the potential pathogenicity in humans and pigs

Zhu,

Wang,

Kang

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Streptococcus suis is a major bacterial pathogen in pigs and an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Different S. suis serotypes exhibit diverse characteristics in population structure and pathogenicity. Surveillance data highlight the significance of S. suis serotype 4 (SS4) in swine streptococcusis, a pathotype causing human infections. However, except for a few epidemiologic studies, the information on SS4 remains limited. In this study, we investigated the population structure, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial characteristics of SS4 based on 126 isolates, including one from a patient with septicemia. We discovered significant diversities within this population, clustering into six minimum core genome (MCG) groups (1, 2, 3, 4, 7-2, and 7-3) and five lineages. Two main clonal complexes (CCs), CC17 and CC94, belong to MCG groups 1 and 3, respectively. Numerous important putative virulence-associated genes are present in these two MCG groups, and 35.00% (7/20) of pig isolates from CC17, CC94, and CC839 (also belonging to MCG group 3) were highly virulent (mortality rate ≥ 80%) in zebrafish and mice, similar to the human isolate ID36054. Cytotoxicity assays showed that the human and pig isolates of SS4 strains exhibit significant cytotoxicity to human cells. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 95.83% of strains isolated from our labs were classified as multidrug-resistant. Prophages were identified as the primary vehicle for antibiotic resistance genes. Our study demonstrates the public health threat posed by SS4, expanding the understanding of SS4 population structure and pathogenicity characteristics and providing valuable information for its surveillance and prevention.

show abstract

“…Zoonotic infections of individuals from pigs have raised widespread concern, especially in pig farms ( 24 , 25 ). Likewise, we noticed the trepidation of some pig farmers concerning the high risks of being infected by zoonotic pathogens from pigs, and the requirement for effective preventive measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudorabies in pig industry of China: Epidemiology in pigs and practitioner awareness

Tan

Zhou

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is widely prevalent in China, which can transmit from pigs to other mammals. Moreover, a PRV variant isolated from an acute human encephalitis case was documented recently. It is imperative to investigate PRV epidemiology in pigs, the knowledge regarding pseudorabies (PR) and self-protection behaviors upon working among relevant practitioners including pig farmers, pig cutters, and pork salesman. In the present study, 18,812 pig serum samples and 1,634 tissue samples were collected from Hunan Province during the period of 2020 to 2021 for detecting the presence of PRV gE-special antibody and nucleic acids, respectively. Meanwhile, we conducted a questionnaire survey about PR among these practitioners in China. The results showed that nearly 9% (1,840/20,192) pigs from 161 collected sites (20.17%, 161/797) were seropositive for PRV-gE antibody. Though only 2.33% tissue samples were positive for PRV nucleic acids, all the representative PRV strains were variant. It was learned that most practitioners were frequently injured when working, the injured sites mainly included hand and foot. Among the three transmission routes of PRV, the aerosol transmission route was often overlooked. Moreover, the workers lacked self-protection awareness and were poor conscious about PRV and its potential threat to humans. All the results demonstrate that PRV remains widely spread in pig populations, while the potential threats of PRV in pig industry receive less attention, suggesting that targeted educational programs to these people should be performed.

show abstract

Streptococcus suis pathogenesis—A diverse array of virulence factors for a zoonotic lifestyle

Cited by 17 publications

References 193 publications

Enzyme Characterization of Pro-virulent SntA, a Cell Wall-Anchored Protein of Streptococcus suis, With Phosphodiesterase Activity on cyclic-di-AMP at a Level Suited to Limit the Innate Immune System

Enzyme Characterization of Pro-virulent SntA, a Cell Wall-Anchored Protein of Streptococcus suis, With Phosphodiesterase Activity on cyclic-di-AMP at a Level Suited to Limit the Innate Immune System

Streptococcus suis serotype 4: a population with the potential pathogenicity in humans and pigs

Pseudorabies in pig industry of China: Epidemiology in pigs and practitioner awareness

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About