Strength training and determinants of VO2max in older men

Frontera, Walter R.; Meredith, C. N.; O’Reilly, Kevin; Evans, William J.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.329

Cited by 283 publications

(190 citation statements)

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“…Frontera et al (204) examined the effects of high-intensity resistance training of the knee extensors and flexors (80% of 1RM, three days/week) in older men (aged [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]. The average increase in knee flexor and extensor strength was 227% and 107%, respectively.…”

Section: Strength Training To Reduce Loss Of Muscle Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note that this was a very old, very frail population with diagnosed multiple chronic diseases. The increase in overall levels of physical activity has been a common observation in studies (204,203,207). Since muscle weakness is a primary deficit in many older individuals, increased strength may stimulate more aerobic activities such as walking and cycling.…”

Section: Interaction Between Exercise and Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in rural–urban India, Sankara Nethralaya Rural–Urban Age-related Macular degeneration study, Report No. 1

Raman

Pal

Ganesan

et al. 2016

Eye

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Section: Strength Training To Reduce Loss Of Muscle Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interaction Between Exercise and Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in rural–urban India, Sankara Nethralaya Rural–Urban Age-related Macular degeneration study, Report No. 1

Raman

Pal

Ganesan

et al. 2016

Eye

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“…As it has been known for many years that strength training is quite effective in restoring the age-related losses in muscle mass and function (8)(9)(10) it is generally assumed that the main determinant of sarcopenia appears to be the decline in resistance-type physical activities (8,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) . While the atrophy of disuse, such as occurs with protracted bed rest is well described (8,10,16) it is less clear cut as to the extent to which variation in levels of physical activity within the normal population influences sarcopenia, mainly because of the difficulty of measurement.…”

Section: Inactivity: Energy Intakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and sarcopenia: evidence for an interaction

Millward

2012

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Nutritional interventions that might influence sarcopenia, as indicated by literature reporting on sarcopenia per se as well as dynapenia and frailty, are reviewed in relation to potential physiological aetiological factors, i.e. inactivity, anabolic resistance, inflammation, acidosis and vitamin D deficiency. As sarcopenia occurs in physically active and presumably well-nourished populations, it is argued that a simple nutritional aetiology is unlikely and unequivocal evidence for any nutritional influence is extremely limited. Dietary protein is probably the most widely researched nutrient but only for frailty is there one study showing evidence of an aetiological influence and most intervention studies with protein or amino acids have proved ineffective with only a very few exceptions. Fish oil has been shown to attenuate anabolic resistance of muscle protein synthesis in one study. There is limited evidence for a protective influence of antioxidants and inducers of phase 2 proteins on sarcopenia, dynapenia and anabolic resistance in human and animal studies. Also fruit and vegetables may protect against acidosis-induced sarcopenia through their provision of dietary potassium. While severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with dynapenia and sarcopenia, the evidence for a beneficial influence of increasing vitamin D status above the severe deficiency level is limited and controversial, especially in men. On this basis there is insufficient evidence for any more specific nutritional advice than that contained in the general healthy lifestyle-healthy diet message: i.e. avoiding inactivity and low intakes of food energy and nutrients and maintain an active lifestyle with a diet providing a rich supply of fruit and vegetables and frequent oily fish. Aging: Dynapenia: Inactivity: Anabolic resistance: DietIn a recent consensus paper sarcopenia (1) was defined as the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, a complex syndrome associated with muscle mass loss alone or in conjunction with increased fat mass. It was argued that although cachexia may be a component of sarcopenia, the two conditions are not the same. What was not discussed in this paper was the difference between sarcopenia and dynapenia which is important in terms of the clinical relevance of the condition. Thus Jansonn (2) points out that the data on the functional implications of sarcopenia are inconsistent, possibly because we do not always recognise the distinction between sarcopenia, loss of muscle mass and dynapenia and loss of muscle strength. These, he argues, are physiologically different with dynapenia the main predictor of functional impairment and/or physical disability, chronic disease and mortality risk, to the extent that research and clinical emphasis should be placed more on dynapenia than on sarcopenia. In fact this argument can, to some extent be extended to include frailty, a much more general term for a collection

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“…In addition, endurance (97,98,(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109)(110) exercise was shown to enhance the skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, resulting in greater endurance capacity (5,120) . Although the muscle regenerative capacity seems to decline at a more advanced age, the reduced satellite cell pool size (119) does not compromise the capacity for muscle hypertrophy to occur even at an advanced age (121)(122)(123) and resistance exercise training was shown to increase muscle fibre size (124)(125)(126)(127) .…”

Section: Long-term Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

Koopman

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Ageing is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leading to the loss of functional capacity and an increased risk for developing chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results from a chronic disruption in the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation. As basal muscle protein synthesis rates are likely not different between healthy young and elderly human subjects, it was proposed that muscles from older adults lack the ability to regulate the protein synthetic response to anabolic stimuli, such as food intake and physical activity. Indeed, the doseresponse relationship between myofibrillar protein synthesis and the availability of essential amino acids and/or resistance exercise intensity is shifted down and to the right in elderly human subjects. This so-called 'anabolic resistance' represents a key factor responsible for the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass. Interestingly, long-term resistance exercise training is effective as a therapeutic intervention to augment skeletal muscle mass, and improves functional performance in the elderly. The consumption of different types of proteins, i.e. protein hydrolysates, can have different stimulatory effects on muscle protein synthesis in the elderly, which may be due to their higher rate of digestion and absorption. Current research aims to elucidate the interactions between nutrition, exercise and the skeletal muscle adaptive response that will define more effective strategies to maximise the therapeutic benefits of lifestyle interventions in the elderly. Sarcopenia: Nutrition: Exercise training: Muscle hypertrophyThe preservation of muscle function is crucial for maintaining an independent lifestyle and the capacity to perform the activities of daily living in the elderly. One of the important factors in the loss of functional performance is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass with ageing, called 'sarcopenia' (1)(2)(3) . This apparent muscle wasting in elderly human subjects occurs at a rate of about 0 . 5-1 . 0% per year starting at about 40 years of age. Lean muscle mass contributes up to about 50% of the total body mass of young adults but can decline to 25% by 75-80 years of age (4,5) . The loss of muscle mass is most notable in the lower limb muscles, with the cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis reduced by as much as 40% at the age of 80 years (6) . Sarcopenia is associated with a three-to fourfold increased likelihood of disabilities and the loss of muscle mass especially in the lower limbs is associated with an increased risk of falls and impairment in the ability to perform routine activities.The loss of muscle mass is viewed as a largely inevitable and undesirable consequence of ageing (7) , with muscle loss estimated to affect 30% of people older than 60 years and >50 % of those older than 80 years (1) . Demographic studies indicate that the world's population aged 60 years and above will triple within the next 50 years, and the su...

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Strength training and determinants of VO2max in older men

Cited by 283 publications

References 0 publications

The prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in rural–urban India, Sankara Nethralaya Rural–Urban Age-related Macular degeneration study, Report No. 1

The prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in rural–urban India, Sankara Nethralaya Rural–Urban Age-related Macular degeneration study, Report No. 1

Nutrition and sarcopenia: evidence for an interaction

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

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