Strategies for malaria control in Colombia

Rojas, William; Peñaranda, Fernando; Echavarria, Marco A. Zumbado

doi:10.1016/0169-4758(92)90287-c

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The overall prevalence of malarial infection observed in the present study (8.5%) was similar to those recently reported in Cupica (11.3% ; Rojas et al, 1992) and on the banks of the San Juan river (6.1%± 9.1%; Kroeger et al, 1995), both on the same coast, but considerably lower than the 33.1% reported in Punta Soldado (Terrientes et al, 1994) and the 20.4% in Zabaletas (Gautret et al, 1995), also on the same coast (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Unstable, low-level transmission of malaria on the Colombian Pacific Coast

GONZALEZ¹

1997

Annals of Tropical Medicine And Parasitology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of immune responses to malarial infection in inhabitants of endemic areas differs according to the level of exposure to the parasite. Adults living in a region where the level of malaria transmission is low (Colombia) have been shown to exhibit a similar response to each of the three regions of the circumsporozoite protein (the central repeated NANP region, and the flanking N- and C-termini). Conversely, donors exposed to a frequent sporozoite challenge in areas of high malaria transmission (Mali) exhibit antibodies predominantly to the NANP repeated domain. Malaria in the people of Zacarías, a community on the Pacific Coast of Colombia where malaria transmission is low and unstable, was the subject of the present study. Within a 9-year period, a negative correlation between rainfall and documented malaria cases was recorded for this area. Thick smears of blood samples of 319 individuals revealed that 8.5% had malarial infections. As most (67%) of the smear-positive cases were asymptomatic, it seems that, despite the low prevalence of malaria in this area, the establishment of clinical symptoms is attenuated, probably because of the acquisition of premunition. Within this region, the most commonly found Anopheles species (representing 61.1% of the mosquitoes caught) and that giving the highest monthly biting rate (4.0 bites/man) was An. neivai. Most (90%) of the human sera tested possessed antibodies to blood-stage forms of Plasmodium falciparum, and 18% had antibodies to sporozoites. More than half (58%) of the adults had been in contact with hepatitis B virus, 7.2% carried hepatitis B surface antigen, and syphilis was common but no subject was found to be seropositive for HIV. A better understanding of the dynamics of the different elements influencing malaria in areas of low, unstable transmission, such as the one described here, is essential for the design of new malaria-control strategies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Unstable, low-level transmission of malaria on the Colombian Pacific Coast

GONZALEZ¹

1997

Annals of Tropical Medicine And Parasitology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Examples of where armed conflict and civil unrest have hindered intervention efforts include Tajikistan, where reported cases increased from less than 200 to nearly 30 000 owing to the disruption of malaria control during the civil war (1992–97), 45 and Colombia, where near-elimination was prevented by civil strife restricting access to large malarious areas 46 . The World Bank Political Stability and Absence of Violence Index 47 is a measure of the “perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by possibly unconstitutional and/or violent means, including domestic violence and terrorism”.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ranking of elimination feasibility between malaria-endemic countries

Tatem

Smith

Gething³

et al. 2010

The Lancet

118

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryExperience gained from the Global Malaria Eradication Program (1955–72) identified a set of shared technical and operational factors that enabled some countries to successfully eliminate malaria. Spatial data for these factors were assembled for all malaria-endemic countries and combined to provide an objective, relative ranking of countries by technical, operational, and combined elimination feasibility. The analysis was done separately for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, and the limitations of the approach were discussed. The relative rankings suggested that malaria elimination would be most feasible in countries in the Americas and Asia, and least feasible in countries in central and west Africa. The results differed when feasibility was measured by technical or operational factors, highlighting the different types of challenge faced by each country. The results are not intended to be prescriptive, predictive, or to provide absolute assessments of feasibility, but they do show that spatial information is available to facilitate evidence-based assessments of the relative feasibility of malaria elimination by country that can be rapidly updated.

show abstract

“…This success is notable given the major operational challenges posed by nearly 30 years of civil war between the Liberation Tigers of the Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan Government (1983 to 2009). There are many examples throughout the world of the negative consequences of conflict on the function of malaria control programmes [16]–[19]. However, from 1999 onwards, Sri Lanka achieved major reductions in incidence and may now be considered a controlled low-endemic country [20], [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Control and Elimination in Sri Lanka: Documenting Progress and Success Factors in a Conflict Setting

Abeyasinghe¹,

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundSri Lanka has a long history of malaria control, and over the past decade has had dramatic declines in cases amid a national conflict. A case study of Sri Lanka's malaria programme was conducted to characterize the programme and explain recent progress.MethodsThe case study employed qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected from published and grey literature, district-level and national records, and thirty-three key informant interviews. Expenditures in two districts for two years – 2004 and 2009 – were compiled.FindingsMalaria incidence in Sri Lanka has declined by 99.9% since 1999. During this time, there were increases in the proportion of malaria infections due to Plasmodium vivax, and the proportion of infections occurring in adult males. Indoor residual spraying and distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets have likely contributed to the low transmission. Entomological surveillance was maintained. A strong passive case detection system captures infections and active case detection was introduced. When comparing conflict and non-conflict districts, vector control and surveillance measures were maintained in conflict areas, often with higher coverage reported in conflict districts. One of two districts in the study reported a 48% decline in malaria programme expenditure per person at risk from 2004 to 2009. The other district had stable malaria spending.Conclusions/SignificanceMalaria is now at low levels in Sri Lanka – 124 indigenous cases were found in 2011. The majority of infections occur in adult males and are due to P. vivax. Evidence-driven policy and an ability to adapt to new circumstances contributed to this decline. Malaria interventions were maintained in the conflict districts despite an ongoing war. Sri Lanka has set a goal of eliminating malaria by the end of 2014. Early identification and treatment of infections, especially imported ones, together with effective surveillance and response, will be critical to achieving this goal.

show abstract

Strategies for malaria control in Colombia

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Unstable, low-level transmission of malaria on the Colombian Pacific Coast

Unstable, low-level transmission of malaria on the Colombian Pacific Coast

Ranking of elimination feasibility between malaria-endemic countries

Malaria Control and Elimination in Sri Lanka: Documenting Progress and Success Factors in a Conflict Setting

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About