Strategic use of feed ingredients and feed additives to stimulate gut health and development in young pigs

Lange, C. F. M. de; Pluske, J.R.; Gong, Joshua; Nyachoti, C. M.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2010.06.117

Cited by 312 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(111 reference statements)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the immediate post-weaning period, the balance between the development of so-called healthy commensal microbiota and the establishment of a bacterial intestinal disease can be easily tipped towards disease expression (Hopwood and -E-mail: aidan.coffey@cit.ie 1079 Hampson, 2003). There is a wide interest in developing management and feeding strategies to stimulate gut development and health in young pigs, with the aim of improving productivity of pigs around weaning, while minimising the use of antibiotics and expensive feed ingredients, such as milk products (de Lange et al, 2010).Aerobic and facultative anaerobes including Escherichia coli, lactobacilli and streptococci colonise the porcine gastrointestinal tract (GIT) immediately after birth (Smith and Jones, 1963;Mackie et al, 1999). These species provide a reducing environment, allowing for the establishment of the obligate anaerobes in the small intestine.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of bacterial community shifts in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed diets supplemented with β-glucan from Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Murphy

Bello

O’Doherty

et al. 2013

Animal

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This study was designed to evaluate the effects of algal and yeast b-glucans on the porcine gastrointestinal microbiota, specifically the community of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and coliforms. A total of 48 pigs were fed four diets over a 28-day period to determine the effect that each had on these communities. The control diet consisted of wheat and soya bean meal. The remaining three diets contained wheat and soya bean meal supplemented with b-glucan at 250 g/tonne from Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Faecal samples were collected from animals before feeding each diet and after the feeding period. The animals were slaughtered the following day and samples were collected from the stomach, ileum, caecum, proximal colon and distal colon. Alterations in Lactobacillus in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles generated by group-specific 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicons. Plate count analysis was also performed to quantify total coliforms. DGGE profiles indicated that all b-glucan diets provoked the emergence of a richer community of Lactobacillus. The richest community of lactobacilli emerged after feeding L. digitata (LD b-glucan). Plate count analysis revealed that the L. hyperborea (LH b-glucan) diet had a statistically significant effect on the coliform counts in the proximal colon in comparison with the control diet. b-glucan from L. digitata and S. cerevisiae also generally reduced coliforms but to a lesser extent. Nevertheless, the b-glucan diets did not significantly reduce levels of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium. DGGE analysis of GIT samples indicated that the three b-glucan diets generally promoted the establishment of a more varied range of Lactobacillus species in the caecum, proximal and distal colon. The LH b-glucan had the most profound reducing effect on coliform counts when compared with the control diet and diets supplemented with L. digitata and S. cerevisiae b-glucans.Keywords: b-glucans, pigs, algae, yeast, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ImplicationsAdministration of antibiotics to animals has come under intense scrutiny because of their contribution to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria into the food chain. Algal and yeast b-glucans are biologically active resources from nature. With respect to animal production, an important goal is to determine the optimal microbiota for the animal and then be able to manipulate the microbiota through the diet, supplements, etc. to obtain the desired microbiota. b-glucans derived from macroalgae and yeast aid in gut health during periods of intestinal imbalance, leading to the alteration in the microbial community composition and hence offering an easily accessible alternative to antibiotics. This paper focuses on the use of a molecular and a cultivation-based method to monitor fluctuations in the gastrointestinal microbiota caused by algal and yeast b-glucan supplementation of the pig diet. Molecular analysis of the Lactobaci...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of bacterial community shifts in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed diets supplemented with β-glucan from Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Murphy

Bello

O’Doherty

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…For example, protein level and quality in pig diets have been shown to be related to diarrhoea and shedding of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli after a challenge (5,6) . A promising approach to reduce the formation of harmful metabolites from protein fermentation in the large intestine is the inclusion of fermentable carbohydrates in the diet (4,7,8) . This approach can be used to direct bacterial fermentation activity towards utilisation of carbohydrates instead of proteins, yielding lower luminal concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids and NH 3 and higher levels of SCFA.…”

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confidence: 99%

Down-regulation of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) gene expression in the colon of piglets is linked to bacterial protein fermentation and pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated signalling

et al. 2015

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The present study investigated the influence of bacterial metabolites on monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression in pigs using in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro approaches. Piglets (n 24) were fed high-protein (26 %) or low-protein (18 %) diets with or without fermentable carbohydrates. Colonic digesta samples were analysed for a broad range of bacterial metabolites. The expression of MCT1, TNF-a, interferon g (IFN-g) and IL-8 was determined in colonic tissue. The expression of MCT1 was lower and of TNF-a and IL-8 was higher with high-protein diets (P, 0·05). MCT1 expression was positively correlated with L-lactate, whereas negatively correlated with NH 3 and putrescine (P,0·05). The expression of IL-8 and TNF-a was negatively correlated with L-lactate and positively correlated with NH 3 and putrescine, whereas the expression of IFN-g was positively correlated with histamine and 4-ethylphenol (P,0·05). Subsequently, porcine colonic tissue and Caco-2 cells were incubated with Na-butyrate, NH 4 Cl or TNF-a as selected bacterial metabolites or mediators of inflammation. Colonic MCT1 expression was higher after incubation with Na-butyrate (P,0·05) and lower after incubation with NH 4 Cl or TNF-a (P,0·05). Incubation of Caco-2 cells with increasing concentrations of these metabolites confirmed the up-regulation of MCT1 expression by Na-butyrate (linear, P, 0·05) and down-regulation by TNF-a and NH 4 Cl (linear, P,0·05). The high-protein diet decreased the expression of MCT1 in the colon of pigs, which appears to be linked to NH 3 -and TNF-a-mediated signalling.

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“…Besides improvement of biosecurity and instalment of vaccination programs, the use of novel feed additives could help to reduce antibiotics in livestock production and at the same time maintain animal health and productivity [10]. Organic acids were reported to stimulate the digestive system of pigs and to improve pig performance because of their antimicrobial activity [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oxytetracycline as well as an acid-based feed supplement on the prevalence and abundance of selected antibiotic resistance genes in weaned piglets

Wegl¹,

Rolinec²,

Nagl³

et al. 2017

Anim Husb Dairy Vet Sci

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The development of antibiotic resistance in livestock species is discussed as major threat to modern medicine. One potential strategy to battle resistance in animal production might be the application of feed additives with antimicrobial properties, such as organic acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an acidbased feed additive on antimicrobial resistance traits of faecal microbiota in weaning piglets and to compare the results to antibiotic intervention with oxytetracycline. Therefore, 24 pigs were allocated to three treatment groups, fed a basal diet and a basal diet supplemented with either the antibiotic or the feed additive. Quantitative PCR was used to monitor the prevalence and quantity of frequently associated genes encoding resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamide. The number of positive tested samples for tetB and sul1 decreased over time, with differences due to treatment. For all analysed genes, a decrease in log 10 mean antibiotic resistance gene copy numbers was observed in all groups on day 10 of the experiment. The mean tetA and tetB gene levels were significantly higher in the oxytetracycline group than in the other groups indicating selection for these antibiotic resistance genes. No effects of the applied feed additive on the quantity of selected antibiotic resistance genes in faeces were detected. In contrast, antibiotic treatment clearly effected antibiotic resistance gene level and prevalence. Results implicate that, in the long run, novel feed additives have the potential to minimise the role of livestock as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance.

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Strategic use of feed ingredients and feed additives to stimulate gut health and development in young pigs

Cited by 312 publications

References 97 publications

Analysis of bacterial community shifts in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed diets supplemented with β-glucan from Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Analysis of bacterial community shifts in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed diets supplemented with β-glucan from Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Down-regulation of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) gene expression in the colon of piglets is linked to bacterial protein fermentation and pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated signalling

Effect of oxytetracycline as well as an acid-based feed supplement on the prevalence and abundance of selected antibiotic resistance genes in weaned piglets

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