“…Involvement. Starting from the seminal contributions by Lawler (1986) and Arthur (1994) worker involvement and participation in decision making have been identified in the literature as key elements among the determinants of performance (Appelbaum, Bailey, Berg, & Kalleberg, 2000;Guest, 2011;McMahan, Bell, & Virick, 1998; among the many contributions,. Empirical tests show a positive relation between involvement and production performance, measured in a number of ways, such as productivity, profitability, innovation, retention rates, sales growth and, in the service sector, service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty (Cottini, Kato, & Westergaard-Nielsen., 2011;Kwon, Chung, Roh, Chadwick, & Lawler, 2012;Huselid, 1995;Siddique, 2004;Wang, Liu, & Zhu, 2007;Diamantidis & Chatzoglou, 2010;Batt, 2002;Liao & Chuang, 2004).…”