Strain-specific effect of Limosilactobacillus fermentum with distinct genetic lineages on loperamide-induced constipation in mice: attributing effects to certain genes

Abstract

In 2013, Limosilactobacillus fermentum was classed as a “generally recognized as safe” organism by the US Food and Drug Administration, and emerging evidence showed that it can exert beneficial health...

Lychee Pulp-Derived Dietary Fiber-Bound Phenolic Complex Upregulates the SCFAs-GPRs-ENS Pathway and Aquaporins in Loperamide-Induced Constipated Mice by Reshaping Gut Microbiome

“…Propionic and butyric acids are natural ligands associated with the activation of free fatty acid receptors such as GPR41 and GPR43. , Consistently, the mRNA expression levels of GPR41 and GPR43 were upregulated in mice treated with DF-BPC, relative to those in constipated mice. The GPRs activation increased the concentration of intracellular calcium, corresponding to the activation of a G q -coupled receptor located in enteric neurons which could directly release neurotransmitters Some previous research studies have demonstrated that a large number of neurons in the ENS can be stimulated by GPR41 and GPR43 activation, resulting in the release of excitatory neurotransmitters for restoring bowel movement and improving endocrine functions. , Butyric acid increases the proportion of myenteric neurons immunoreactive for acetyl transferase, activates cholinergic pathways in response to electrical stimulation, and promotes intestinal motility . Excitatory neurotransmitters, including Ach, SP, and MTL, play critical roles in intestinal muscle movement, while inhibitory neurotransmitters (VIP and NO) effectively regulate relaxation of the gastrointestinal tract. , Notably, the levels of excitatory neurotransmitters (e.g., Ach, MTL, and SP) in DF-BPC-treated mice were significantly higher than those in constipated mice but still significantly lower than normal.…”

“…31,32 Butyric acid increases the proportion of myenteric neurons immunoreactive for acetyl transferase, activates cholinergic pathways in response to electrical stimulation, and promotes intestinal motility. 33 gastrointestinal tract. 17,34 Notably, the levels of excitatory neurotransmitters (e.g., Ach, MTL, and SP) in DF-BPCtreated mice were significantly higher than those in constipated mice but still significantly lower than normal.…”