Stove Performance and Emission Characteristics in Residential Wood Log and Pellet Combustion, Part 2: Wood Stove

Pettersson, Esbjörn; Boman, Christoffer; Westerholm, Roger; Boström, Dan; Nordin, Anders

doi:10.1021/ef1007787

Cited by 135 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

106

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…MacCarty et al, 2007;Roden et al, 2006Roden et al, , 2009, i.e. incorporate emission measurements of diluted samples, and have been recently compared and updated for Europe Pettersson et al, 2011;Schmidl et al, 2011;Tissari et al, 2008Tissari et al, , 2009, specifically for modern stoves and boilers; Asia (Cao et al, 2006;Chen et al, 2009;Habib et al, 2008;Li et al, 2009;Parashar et al, 2005;Venkataraman et al, 2005;Zhi et al, 2008Zhi et al, , 2009; and Latin America (Johnson et al, 2008).…”

Section: Residential Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of historical global anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions including the consistent and harmonized calculation of mass-based size distribution (PM 1 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 ), as well as primary carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC). The estimates were developed with the integrated assessment model GAINS, where source-and region-specific technology characteristics are explicitly included. This assessment includes a number of previously unaccounted or often misallocated emission sources, i.e. kerosene lamps, gas flaring, diesel generators, refuse burning; some of them were reported in the past for selected regions or in the context of a particular pollutant or sector but not included as part of a total estimate. Spatially, emissions were calculated for 172 source regions (as well as international shipping), presented for 25 global regions, and allocated to 0.5 • × 0.5 • longitude-latitude grids. No independent estimates of emissions from forest fires and savannah burning are provided and neither windblown dust nor unpaved roads emissions are included.We estimate that global emissions of PM have not changed significantly between 1990 and 2010, showing a strong decoupling from the global increase in energy consumption and, consequently, CO 2 emissions, but there are significantly different regional trends, with a particularly strong increase in East Asia and Africa and a strong decline in Europe, North America, and the Pacific region. This in turn resulted in important changes in the spatial pattern of PM burden, e.g. European, North American, and Pacific contributions to global emissions dropped from nearly 30 % in 1990 to well below 15 % in 2010, while Asia's contribution grew from just over 50 % to nearly two-thirds of the global total in 2010. For all PM species considered, Asian sources represented over 60 % of the global anthropogenic total, and residential combustion was the most important sector, contributing about 60 % for BC and OC, 45 % for PM 2.5 , and less than 40 % for PM 10 , where large combustion sources and industrial processes are equally important. Global anthropogenic emissions of BC were estimated at about 6.6 and 7.2 Tg in 2000 and 2010, respectively, and represent about 15 % of PM 2.5 but for some sources reach nearly 50 %, i.e. for the transport sector. Our global BC numbers are higher than previously published owing primarily to the inclusion of new sources.This PM estimate fills the gap in emission data and emission source characterization required in air quality and climate modelling studies and health impact assessments at a regional and global level, as it includes both carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous constituents of primary particulate matter emissions. The developed emission dataset has been used in several regional and global atmospheric transport and climate model simulations within the ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants) project and beyo...

show abstract

Section: Residential Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The GAINS methodology to estimate BC emissions from residential combustion draws on Kupiainen and Klimont (2007). The emission factors aim to reflect real world emissions, i.e., incorporate emission measurements of diluted samples, and have been recently updated for Europe Pettersson et al, 2011;Schmidl et al, 2011;Tissari et al, 2008Tissari et al, , 2009, specifically for modern stoves and boilers, and Asia (Cao et al, 2006;Chen et al, 2009;Habib et al, 2008;Li et al, 2009;Parashar et al, 2005;Venkataraman, 2005;Zhi et al, 2008Zhi et al, , 2009. Activity data on solid fuel combustion in the residential sector originates from the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2011), EUROSTAT, national statistics and contacts with national experts, for example during stakeholder consultation within the revision of the European Union National Emission Ceiling Directive (http://ec.…”

Section: Emission Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Black carbon in the Arctic: the underestimated role of gas flaring and residential combustion emissions

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Arctic haze is a seasonal phenomenon with high concentrations of accumulation-mode aerosols occurring in the Arctic in winter and early spring. Chemistry transport models and climate chemistry models struggle to reproduce this phenomenon, and this has recently prompted changes in aerosol removal schemes to remedy the modeling problems. In this paper, we show that shortcomings in current emission data sets are at least as important. We perform a 3 yr model simulation of black carbon (BC) with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART. The model is driven with a new emission data set ("ECLIPSE emissions") which includes emissions from gas flaring. While gas flaring is estimated to contribute less than 3% of global BC emissions in this data set, flaring dominates the estimated BC emissions in the Arctic (north of 66° N). Putting these emissions into our model, we find that flaring contributes 42% to the annual mean BC surface concentrations in the Arctic. In March, flaring even accounts for 52% of all Arctic BC near the surface. Most of the flaring BC remains close to the surface in the Arctic, so that the flaring contribution to BC in the middle and upper troposphere is small. Another important factor determining simulated BC concentrations is the seasonal variation of BC emissions from residential combustion (often also called domestic combustion, which is used synonymously in this paper). We have calculated daily residential combustion emissions using the heating degree day (HDD) concept based on ambient air temperature and compare results from model simulations using emissions with daily, monthly and annual time resolution. In January, the Arctic-mean surface concentrations of BC due to residential combustion emissions are 150% higher when using daily emissions than when using annually constant emissions. While there are concentration reductions in summer, they are smaller than the winter increases, leading to a systematic increase of annual mean Arctic BC surface concentrations due to residential combustion by 68% when using daily emissions. A large part (93%) of this systematic increase can be captured also when using monthly emissions; the increase is compensated by a decreased BC burden at lower latitudes. In a comparison with BC measurements at six Arctic stations, we find that using daily-varying residential combustion emissions and introducing gas flaring emissions leads to large improvements of the simulated Arctic BC, both in terms of mean concentration levels and simulated seasonality. Case studies based on BC and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements from the Zeppelin observatory appear to confirm flaring as an important BC source that can produce pollution plumes in the Arctic with a high BC / CO enhancement ratio, as expected for this source type. BC measurements taken during a research ship cruise in the White, Barents and Kara seas north of the region with strong flaring emissions reveal very high concentrations of the order of 200–400 ng m⁻³. The model underestimates these concentr...

show abstract

“…Additionally, the emission factors for diesel-fuelled road transport were made dependent on the fuel sulphur content (FSC), based on vehiclespecific FSC dependent emission factors provided by the Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, which is responsible also for the TRANSPHORM database. Also EF PN s and PSDs for domestic wood combustion (including pellet burning and medium size district heating boilers) and for shipping emissions (fuel sulphur content-dependent EF PN s and PSDs) were updated (domestic sector: Gaegauf et al, 2001;Hedberg et al, 2002;Johansson et al, 2004;Johansson et al, 2008;Kinsey et al, 2009;Lack et al, 2009;Lamberg et al, 2011;Bäfver et al, 2011;Boman et al, 2011;Pettersson et al, 2011;Chandrasekaran et al, 2011;shipping: Hobbs et al, 2000;Sinha et al, 2003;Petzold et al, 2008;Murphy et al, 2009;Moldanova et al, 2011;Diesch et al, 2013), as well as for two-stroke vehicles in road transport Etissa et al, 2008). A new PSD was introduced also for flaring in gas and oil industry (Canteenwalla et al, 2006).…”

Section: Particle Number Emission Factors and Size Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continental anthropogenic primary particle number emissions

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particle number concentrations impact our climate and health in ways different from those of aerosol mass concentrations. However, the global, current and future anthropogenic particle number emissions and their size distributions are so far poorly known. In this article, we present the implementation of particle number emission factors and the related size distributions in the GAINS (Greenhouse Gas-Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) model. This implementation allows for global estimates of particle number emissions under different future scenarios, consistent with emissions of other pollutants and greenhouse gases. In addition to determining the general particulate number emissions, we also describe a method to estimate the number size distributions of the emitted black carbon particles. The first results show that the sources dominating the particle number emissions are different to those dominating the mass emissions. The major global number source is road traffic, followed by residential combustion of biofuels and coal (especially in China, India and Africa), coke production (Russia and China), and industrial combustion and processes. The size distributions of emitted particles differ across the world, depending on the main sources: in regions dominated by traffic and industry, the number size distribution of emissions peaks in diameters range from 20 to 50 nm, whereas in regions with intensive biofuel combustion and/or agricultural waste burning, the emissions of particles with diameters around 100 nm are dominant. In the baseline (current legislation) scenario, the particle number emissions in Europe, Northern and Southern Americas, Australia, and China decrease until 2030, whereas especially for India, a strong increase is estimated. The results of this study provide input for modelling of the future changes in aerosol-cloud interactions as well as particle number related adverse health effects, e.g. in response to tightening emission regulations. However, there are significant uncertainties in these current emission estimates and the key actions for decreasing the uncertainties are pointed out.

show abstract

Stove Performance and Emission Characteristics in Residential Wood Log and Pellet Combustion, Part 2: Wood Stove

Cited by 135 publications

References 39 publications

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

Black carbon in the Arctic: the underestimated role of gas flaring and residential combustion emissions

Continental anthropogenic primary particle number emissions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About