Storage as a tool to improve wood fuel quality

Brand, Martha Andréia; Muñiz, Graciela Inés Bolzón de; Quirino, Waldir Ferreira; Brito, José Ótávio

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.02.005

Cited by 77 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These values are in accordance with other studies focusing on grass storage for feed production (19,20). For willow, the storage was modeled as 'whole rods storage' which also represents a method typically applied to dry the harvested willow stems over summer (17,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27); this way, the storage also functions as a drying pre-treatment. This choice of storage condition was supported by the fact that other conditions were less beneficial, e.g., storage of wet willow chips was proved to determine higher dry matter losses as a consequence of increased microbial activity and degradation (17,26,28) and thermal drying is associated with significant economical and energy costs which make it less attractive (29).…”

Section: Crop Storagementioning

confidence: 61%

Bioenergy Production from Perennial Energy Crops: A Consequential LCA of 12 Bioenergy Scenarios including Land Use Changes

Tonini

Hamelin

Wenzel

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

102

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In the endeavor of optimizing the sustainability of bioenergy production in Denmark, this consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) evaluated the environmental impacts associated with the production of heat and electricity from one hectare of Danish arable land cultivated with three perennial crops: ryegrass (Lolium perenne), willow (Salix viminalis) and Miscanthus giganteus. For each, four conversion pathways were assessed against a fossil fuel reference: I) anaerobic co-digestion with manure, II) gasification, III) combustion in small-to-medium scale biomass combined heat and power (CHP) plants and IV) co-firing in large scale coal-fired CHP plants. Soil carbon changes, direct and indirect land use changes as well as uncertainty analysis (sensitivity, MonteCarlo) were included in the LCA. Results showed that global warming was the bottleneck impact, where only two scenarios, namely willow and Miscanthus co-firing, allowed for an improvement as compared to the reference (-82 and -45 t CO 2 -eq. ha -1 , respectively). The indirect land use changes impact was quantified as 310 ±170 t CO 2 -eq. ha -1 , representing a paramount average of 41% of the induced greenhouse gas emissions. The uncertainty analysis confirmed the results robustness and highlighted the indirect land use changes uncertainty as the only uncertainty that can significantly change the outcome of the LCA results.3

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Section: Crop Storagementioning

confidence: 61%

Bioenergy Production from Perennial Energy Crops: A Consequential LCA of 12 Bioenergy Scenarios including Land Use Changes

Tonini

Hamelin

Wenzel

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

102

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“…Estatisticamente, o poder calorífico do híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla foi semelhante às demais espécies de eucalipto (T2, T3, T4 e T5), assim a quantidade de energia térmica liberada pela oxidação dessas biomassas são similares. Valores encontrados nesse trabalho para o poder calorífico superior e inferior estão coerentes aos relatados na literatura para a madeira de Eucalyptus (BRAND et al, 2011;SANTOS et al, 2016;MUÑIZ et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Caracterização Energética De Diferentes Espécies De Eucalyptus

Jesus

Costa²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2017

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ResumoObjetivou-se realizar a caracterização energética de espécies de eucalipto para a produção de carvão vegetal. As espécies utilizadas foram Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus propinqua, Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus pellita e Eucalyptus botryoides. Avaliou-se o poder calorífico, densidades básica e energética, o rendimento gravimétrico e a análise química imediata do carvão vegetal. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 3 repetições. A unidade experimental foi a tora, em que coletou-se discos com 5 cm de espessura, localizados à 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% da altura total da árvore. As carbonizações foram realizadas em forno elétrico com temperatura final de 380 ºC. Realizou-se a ANOVA, teste Tukey e correlação segundo Pearson, todos a 5,0% de probabilidade. O poder calorífico da madeira e o rendimento não se diferiram significativamente entre as espécies em estudo. Os rendimentos médios encontrados foram de 39,65% em carvão e 21,06% em gases não condensáveis. O Eucalyptus robusta apresentou características energéticas semelhantes ao híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, exceto pelas densidades, que naquele foram superiores. A densidade energética da madeira aumentou proporcionalmente à densidade básica, sendo que, a madeira mais densa apresentou maior quantidade de energia disponível. Conclui-se que, as características potenciais (PCS, Db e De) na produção de carvão vegetal foram evidenciadas em todas as espécies, no entanto, o Eucalyptus robusta foi a espécie mais promissora para fins energéticos para ser utilizada como biorredutor. Palavras-chave: Biomassa; carvão vegetal; Fonte renovável. AbstractEnergy characterization of different species of Eucalyptus. This study aimed to carry out energy characterization of Eucalyptus species for charcoal production. The species used were Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus propinqua, Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus pellita and Eucalyptus botryoides. The calorific value, basic and energetic densities, gravimetric yield and the immediate chemical analysis of charcoal were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental unit was the log, where 5 cm thick discs were collected at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the total height of the tree. The carbonization were carried out in an electric furnace with a final temperature of 380°C. Were evaluated the calorific power, basic and energy densities, yields of carbonization and chemical analysis. Were realized ANOVA, Tukey test and Pearson correlation, all at 5.0% probability. Calorific power of the wood and the carbonization yields did not differ significantly between the species under study. The average yields were 39.65% in coal and 21.06% in non-condensable gases. Eucalyptus robusta showed characteristics similar to the hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, except for densities that were higher in first. The energy density of wood increases with increasing density, ...

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“…Storage time also determines the energy gain speed, where warmer and dry seasons are more beneficial to the energy gain. Beyond that, the smaller particle size of the biomass provides better drying behaviour during storage (BRAND et al, 2010;BRAND et al, 2011), especially when comparing branches and logs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%