Storage and Handling Effects on a CO2-related Internal Browning Disorder of `Braeburn' Apples

Abstract

<jats:p>`Braeburn' apple (<jats:italic>Malus</jats:italic> ×<jats:italic>domestica</jats:italic> Borkh.) fruit can be susceptible to the development of an internal disorder called “`Braeburn' browning disorder” (BBD). Factors associated with development of this disorder were investigated. Susceptibility to injury was greater in fruit exposed to 2 or 5 kPa CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> than to 0 kPa CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> during storage. Susceptibility also increased with decreasing O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> partial pressure in the range of 5 to 1 kPa in the storage atmosphere. However, fruit stored in 1 kPa O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> remained firmer than those stored at higher partial pressures, regardless of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> level. BBD appeared to develop during the first 2 weeks of storage, and delays in air at 0 °C prior to controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage decreased incidence and severity of the disorder. The incidence of BBD was also reduced when the time to establish CA conditions was prolonged. We recommend that `Braeburn' apples be stored under CA conditions of ≤1.0 kPa CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and 3.0 kPa O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. Delayed application of CA for 2 weeks after fruit enter the coldstorage may also reduce development of BBD.</jats:p>

Peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities in relation to flesh browning of stem-end and calyx-end tissues of ‘Empire’ apples during controlled atmosphere storage

“…Susceptibility of fruit to these disorders can be affected by cultivar (Elgar et al, 1998), preharvest factors such as crop load (Elgar et al, 1999) and harvest date (de Castro et al, 2007(de Castro et al, , 2008Watkins and Liu, 2010), as well as storage conditions such as controlled atmosphere (CA) regime and temperature (Volz et al, 1998;Elgar et al, 1998). Expression of disorders in the same cultivar can also be affected greatly by climate.…”

Preharvest factors that affect the development of internal browning in apples cv. Cripp’s Pink: Six-years compiled data

“…However, this practice can involve the loss of quality and allow the development of physiological disorders. In apples, internal browning (IB) has been documented in specific cultivars such as 'Braeburn', (Braeburn Browning Disorder) (Elgar et al, 1998;Lau, 1998); 'Fuji' and 'Granny Smith', (Brown Heart and Core Flush, respectively), (Argenta et al, 2002); and 'Cripps's Pink', (internal browning; IB) (Brown et al, 2003;Jobling et al, 2005), among others. The circumstances affecting the occurrence of these have been associated with biochemical factors (Gong and Mattheis, 2003;de Castro et al, 2008), storage conditions (Volz et al, 1998;Gong and Mattheis, 2003), stage of maturity and preharvest factors (Argenta et al, 2002;Streif and Saquet, 2003;Jobling et al, 2005;Jobling and James, 2008).…”

Biomarker development for external CO2 injury prediction in apples through exploration of both transcriptome and DNA methylation changes

“…Delaying the application of CA storage after harvest can also reduce injury (Watkins et al . 1997; Elgar et al . 1998; Colgan et al .…”