Stopping and scattering of relativistic electron beams in dense plasmas and requirements for fast ignition

Atzeni, S.; Schiavi, A.; Davies, J. R.

doi:10.1088/0741-3335/51/1/015016

Cited by 93 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These effects, such as beam-plasma instabilities, are discussed elsewhere in this article. We briefly note that drag and scattering have received much attention since the proposal of FI in 1994 (Atzeni et al 2009). However, calculations of drag date back to the 1930s, with the definitive reformulations of the basic theories being published in the 1950s (Sternheimer 1952, Fano 1956).…”

Section: Drag and Scattering Of Individual Fast Electronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of fast electron transport for fast ignition

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Fast Ignition Inertial Confinement Fusion is a variant of inertial fusion in which DT fuel is first compressed to high density and then ignited by a relativistic electron beam generated by a fast (< 20 ps) ultra-intense laser pulse, which is usually brought in to the dense plasma via the inclusion of a re-entrant cone. The transport of this beam from the cone apex into the dense fuel is a critical part of this scheme, as it can strongly influence the overall energetics. Here we review progress in the theory and numerical simulation of fast electron transport in the context of Fast Ignition. Important aspects of the basic plasma physics, descriptions of the numerical methods used, a review of ignition-scale simulations, and a survey of schemes for controlling the propagation of fast electrons are included. Considerable progress has taken place in this area, but the development of a robust, high-gain FI 'point design' is still an ongoing challenge.

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Section: Drag and Scattering Of Individual Fast Electronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of fast electron transport for fast ignition

et al. 2014

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“…The lines with squares represent the results based on kinetic model. The most recent published results by Solodov et al [7] (lines with circles) and Atzeni et al [9] (lines with triangles) are also displayed. It is clearly seen that the three results agree very well with each other in both continuous range and penetration depth, indicating the applicability of the kinetic code.…”

Section: Code Development and Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…2(a) gives the history of electron beam energy. The red arrow shows the stopped time for the beam (with the loss of 90% initial energy [9]) is about 97.8 fs. The approximately analytical result for this case is 102.1 fs [12], showing a reasonable agreement between the two results.…”

Section: Code Development and Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has great potential advantages over conventional ICF, notably in relaxing the requirements of implosion symmetry and hydrodynamic instabilities, leading to higher gains with lower driver energy, which has drawn significant attention worldwide [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In FI scheme, fast electrons generated via ultraintense (∼10 20 W/cm 2 ) short-pulse (∼ 20 ps) laser interaction with plasmas will transport into the pre-compressed dense core to deposit energy locally, forming the hot spot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic model for energy deposition in fast ignition

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2013

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. A kinetic model describing the energy deposition of fast electrons is established by considering both binary collisions and contributions due to collective process. The collision term is exactly simplified by taking into account relativistic effects within the context of fast ignition, and the explicit formulation of relativistic kinetic equation in three-dimensional momentum space is obtained with the help of spherical harmonic expansion. The corresponding numerical code is developed and benchmarked physically. Typical case studies in fast ignition are also presented.

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“…Zuma treats the fast electrons by standard relativistic-PIC methods, and injects them according to prescribed distributions. They undergo energy loss and angular scatter following [5] and [6]. The background plasma is treated as a collisional fluid with fixed ions.…”

Section: Integrated Pic-hydrodynamic Modelling With Zuma-hydramentioning

confidence: 99%

Cone-guided fast ignition withnoimposed magnetic fields

Strozzi

Tabak

Larson

et al. 2013

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Simulations are presented of ignition-scale fast ignition targets with the integrated Zuma-Hydra PIC-hydrodynamic capability. We consider a spherical DT fuel assembly with a carbon cone, and an artificially-collimated fast electron source. We study the role of E and B fields and the fast electron energy spectrum. For mono-energetic 1.5 MeV fast electrons, without E and B fields, ignition can be achieved with fast electron energy E ig f = 30 kJ. This is 3.5× the minimal deposited ignition energy of 8.7 kJ for our fuel density of 450 g/cm 3 . Including E and B fields with the resistive Ohm's law E = J b gives E ig f = 20 kJ, while using the full Ohm's law gives E ig f > 40 kJ. This is due to magnetic self-guiding in the former case, and ∇n × ∇T magnetic fields in the latter. Using a realistic, quasi two-temperature energy spectrum derived from PIC laser-plasma simulations increases E ig f to (102, 81, 162) kJ for (no E/B, E = J b , full Ohm's law). Such electrons are too energetic to stop in the optimal hot spot depth. This paper presents work on ignition-scale transport modelling of fast ignition [1] designs. By "transport" we mean the propagation and deposition of fast electrons, with reasonably self-consistent coupling to the background radiation-hydrodynamics. To achieve this we coupled the hybrid-PIC code Zuma [2,3] to the rad-hydro code Hydra [4]. A detailed publication on this work [3] reports laserplasma PIC modelling that shows a large fast-electron divergence, along with mitigation ideas based on imposed magnetic fields. Here we discuss the fast-electron energy needed for ignition, E ig f , of an artificially-collimated source. Using the resistive Ohm's law E = J b leads to magnetic self-guiding and reduces E ig f compared to runs with no E or B fields. However, using a more complete Ohm's law increases E ig f compared to the no-field case. This ordering applies both for a mono-energetic 1.5 MeV and PIC-based fast electron energy spectrum. The latter gives electrons that are too energetic to stop in the optimal hot spot, and raises E ig f ∼ 3.4× over the 1.5 MeV spectrum.

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Stopping and scattering of relativistic electron beams in dense plasmas and requirements for fast ignition

Cited by 93 publications

References 27 publications

Theory of fast electron transport for fast ignition

Theory of fast electron transport for fast ignition

Kinetic model for energy deposition in fast ignition

Cone-guided fast ignition withnoimposed magnetic fields

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