Stimulation of adult neural stem cells with a novel glycolipid biosurfactant

Abstract

Glycolipids are amphipatic molecules which are highly expressed on cell membranes in skin and brain where they mediate several key cellular processes. Neural stem cells are defined as undifferentiated, proliferative, multipotential cells with extensive self-renewal and are responsive to brain injury. Di-rhamnolipid: α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoic acid, also referred to as di-rhamnolipid BAC-3, is a glycolipid isolated from bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the previous studies di-rhamnolipid enhanced dermal tissue healing and regeneration. The present study provides the first assessment of di-rhamnolipid, and glycolipid-biosurfactants in general, on the nervous system. Treatment of neural stem cells isolated from the lateral ventricle of adult mice and cultured in defined media containing growth factors at 0.5 and 1 μg/ml of di-rhamnolipid increased the number of neurospheres (2.7 and 2.8 fold, respectively) compared to controls and this effect remained even after passaging in the absence of di-rhamnolipid. Additionally, neural stem cells treated with di-rhamnolipid at 50 and 100 μg/ml in defined media supplemented with fetal calf serum and without growth factors exhibited increased cell viability indicating an interaction between di-rhamnolipid and serum components in the regulation of neural stem cells and neuroprogenitors. Intracerebroventricular administration of di-rhamnolipid at 300 and 120 ng/day increased the number of neurospheres (1.3 and 1.63 fold, respectively) that could be derived from the anterior lateral ventricles of adult mice. These results indicate that di-rhamnolipid stimulates proliferation of neural stem cells and increases their endogenous pools which may have therapeutic potential in managing neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric disorders and promoting nervous tissue regeneration following injury.

Microbial biosurfactants: current trends and applications in agricultural and biomedical industries

“…On the other hand, biosurfactants are composed of lipid and proteins and are compatible with the skin cell membrane (Stipcevic et al . ). While the majority of biosurfactant‐related work is focussed on biosurfactants that are produced extracellularly by micro‐organisms much less work has been carried out on cell‐bound biosurfactants many of which are produced by, for example, probiotic Lactobacilli strains which have the added advantage of being nontoxic, biodegradable and environmentally friendly (Satpute et al .…”

“…The antibacterial preservatives used in the majority of personal care products are synthetic and can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions by interaction with keratin or collagen and elastin and encourage the removal of lipids from the skin surface and affect the skin cells themselves (Bujak et al 2015). On the other hand, biosurfactants are composed of lipid and proteins and are compatible with the skin cell membrane (Stipcevic et al 2013). While the majority of biosurfactant-related work is focussed on biosurfactants that are produced extracellularly by micro-organisms much less work has been carried out on cell-bound biosurfactants many of which are produced by, for example, probiotic Lactobacilli strains which have the added advantage of being nontoxic, biodegradable and environmentally friendly (Satpute et al 2016b).…”

Bioactivity of glycolipopeptide cell-bound biosurfactants against skin pathogens

“…Synthetic surfactants can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions by interaction with proteins such as keratin (cytoskeletal proteins) or collagen and elastin (extracellular matrix proteins); also they promote the removal of lipids from the epidermal surface and affect the living cells in the skin [13]. Contrarily, biosurfactants are composed of lipid and proteins that are compatible with the skin cells membrane [14,15].…”

Therapeutic role of neural stem cells in neurological diseases

“…The spheroids of NSCs can be well cultured and better characterized by the addition of epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2 and B27 to the culture system in vitro ( Gage and Temple, 2013 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). After the NSCs isolated from the lateral ventricle of adult mice were cultured in a specific medium with growth factors, the number of neurospheres increased significantly ( Stipcevic et al, 2013 ). Intracerebroventricular injection of 300,120 ng/d di-rhamnolipid could increase the number of nerve balls in the anterior lateral ventricle of adult mice ( Stipcevic et al, 2013 ).…”

“…After the NSCs isolated from the lateral ventricle of adult mice were cultured in a specific medium with growth factors, the number of neurospheres increased significantly ( Stipcevic et al, 2013 ). Intracerebroventricular injection of 300,120 ng/d di-rhamnolipid could increase the number of nerve balls in the anterior lateral ventricle of adult mice ( Stipcevic et al, 2013 ). These studies have revealed that NSCs can be obtained from endogenous, expanded or established into stable cell lines in vitro , and then transplanted to the injured site for regeneration treatment.…”