Stilbenoid chemistry from wine and the genus <em>Vitis</em>, a review

Abstract

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Stilbenoids are of great interest on account of their many promising biological activities, especially in regards to prevention and potential treatment of many chronic diseases associated with aging. The simple stilbenoid monomer, &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;-resveratrol, has received the most attention due to early&lt;em&gt; in vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; biological activities in anti-aging assays. Since &lt;em&gt;Vitis vinifera&lt;/em&gt;, primarily in the form of wine, is a major dietary source of these compounds, there is a tremendous amount of research on resveratrol in wine and grapes. Relatively few biological studies have been performed on other stilbenoids from &lt;em&gt;Vitis&lt;/em&gt;, primarily due to the lack of commercial sources of many of these compounds. The diverse stilbenoids from this economically important genus are an untapped source of health promoting compounds and because of this, numerous efforts for isolation, identification and quantification of additional stilbenoids have been ongoing. Additionally, due to their role as phytoalexins, stilbenoids play an important role in the defense against pathogens. Therefore, the compounds produced by highly resistant strains are of great interest for the development of resistant crops, natural spray reagents, and as new dietary supplements or pharmaceuticals. Since closely related species are likely to have similar metabolic pathways, a more thorough understanding of the chemical diversity of stilbenoids within &lt;em&gt;Vitis&lt;/em&gt; is useful in this endeavor. In this review, we focus on stilbenoids found in the &lt;em&gt;Vitis&lt;/em&gt; genus with the aim of aiding future stilbenoid chemistry, particularly in &lt;em&gt;V. vinifera&lt;/em&gt; and wine. Additionally, we discuss the efforts to quantify stilbenoids in &lt;em&gt;Vitis&lt;/em&gt;, with a focus on non-resveratrol stilbenoid compounds.&lt;/p&gt;

Influence of locality on content of phenolic compounds in white wines

“…Stilbenoids are a very interesting group of compounds with significant biological activity, particularly in relation to the prevention of chronic diseases associated with aging (Pawlus et al 2012). Stilbenes belong to non-flavonoid compounds.…”

The R2R3-MYB Transcription Factors MYB14 and MYB15 Regulate Stilbene Biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera

“…Software tools for measurement, identification, and analysis were previously described by Broecker et al (2011b). The stilbenoid database was based on over 100 forms reviewed by Pawlus et al (2012). For trans-piceid identification, retention time was additionally verified using a commercial standard, and fragmentation of the precursor ion m/z 389.123 led to the identification of trans-resveratrol m/z 227.077 in skin and seed.…”

Bioactive stilbenes from Vitis vinifera grapevine shoots extracts

“…Grapes ( Vitis vinifera ) are one of the most widely consumed fruits worldwide, whether as fresh fruit or in processed form such as juice and wine. Naturally occurring stilbenes from grapes and wine are receiving more attention because they demonstrate multi‐faceted bioactivities . Grape canes, such as viticultural residue from commercial viticultural activities, represent a potentially important source of stilbenes such as resveratrol and ε ‐viniferin .…”