Stigma and unmet sexual and reproductive health needs among international migrant sex workers at the Mexico–Guatemala border

Rocha-Jiménez, Teresita; Morales-Miranda, Sonia; Fernández-Casanueva, Carmen; Brouwer, Kimberly C.; Goldenberg, Shira M.

doi:10.1002/ijgo.12441

Cited by 27 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Isolation, sex work stigma, and socio-cultural stigmas surrounding sex contribute to privacy concerns when it comes to accessing health services and shape the preference of many im/migrant sex workers to neither disclose sex work involvement to their primary care provider nor to access sexual health testing from them [35,36,42,63]. As asserted by our focus group participants and im/migrant sex workers in diverse countries, stigma and fear of poor treatment or discrimination by health professionals are powerful barriers to im/migrant sex workers' access to health care [36,68,73,77], and further enhance their social exclusion.…”

Section: Went To Ams [Unemployment Institution] Because I'm Not Registered As a Sex Worker So They Don't Have Any Idea That I'm A Sex Wormentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This results in many im/migrant sex workers deferring testing or treatment until a visit to their home country. Five different studies involving im/migrant sex workers from diverse contexts found that a significant proportion of im/migrants reported accessing sexual, reproductive health, and/or HIV/STI services in their country of origin, due to high costs and privacy concerns around using even free sexual health services in the destination country [44,63,[71][72][73]. This raises concerns regarding delays in access to critical health services.…”

Section: One Time He (Sex Work Studio Owner) Took the Keys From The Door And Told Me That He Will Come Back In 2 Hours To Close The Studimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Criminalisation, Health, and Labour Rights Among Im/migrant Sex Workers Globally

McBride

Janushev²

2021

Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights

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This chapter introduces the structural determinants that shape health and labour rights among im/migrant sex workers globally. It explores issues related to criminalisation, mandatory health testing, precarious immigration status, economic marginalisation, racialisation, racism and discrimination, language barriers, and gender. This chapter examines how these factors shape health access, health outcomes, and labour rights among im/migrant sex workers in diverse contexts. These issues were explored through a review of academic literature, which was complemented by community consultations that elucidate the lived experiences of gender-diverse im/migrant sex workers from Europe and across the globe. Findings illustrate how shifting sex work criminalisation, public health and immigration regulations (e.g. sex worker registration, mandatory HIV/STI testing), and policing practices impact im/migrant sex workers and shape the labour environments in which they work. The chapter subsequently presents recommendations on policy and programmatic approaches to enhance health access and labour rights among im/migrant sex workers. Finally, it concludes by highlighting the ways in which im/migrant sex workers resist social and structural exclusion, stigma, and ‘victim’ stereotypes, highlighting their tenacity and leadership in the fight to advance labour and human rights among im/migrants and sex workers worldwide.

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Section: Went To Ams [Unemployment Institution] Because I'm Not Registered As a Sex Worker So They Don't Have Any Idea That I'm A Sex Wormentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: One Time He (Sex Work Studio Owner) Took the Keys From The Door And Told Me That He Will Come Back In 2 Hours To Close The Studimentioning

confidence: 99%

Criminalisation, Health, and Labour Rights Among Im/migrant Sex Workers Globally

McBride

Janushev²

2021

Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights

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“…Por otra parte, los factores sociales antes mencionados, sumados al temor de los grupos vulnerables a una posible estigmatización, serían motivos para que, personas en situación de vulnerabilidad, evite consultar, provocando un posible subdiagnóstico tanto de TB como de VIH 8,22 . Según el reporte oficial de 2018, a nivel mundial, solo en 13% de todos los casos de TB se confirmó la coinfección por VIH, lo que representaría sólo 46% del número de casos esperados 22 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Evolución de la coinfección por TB/VIH en la Región Metropolitana de Chile, 2005 a 2018

et al. 2020

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB)/HIV coinfection has a high mortality rate. Aim: To describe socio-epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis (TB)-HIV coinfection, and aspects associated with its prevalence, from 2005 to 2018. Material and Methods: Analysis of the registry of the tuberculosis control and elimination program of three public health services of metropolitan Santiago. The variables considered were: TB/HIV coinfection, age, sex, location of tuberculosis, bacteriological confirmation, incarceration, commune of residence, country of origin and effectiveness of the tuberculosis therapy. Results: We analyzed 7507 TB cases, of whom 12% corresponded to cases of coinfection. The number of coinfections doubled in the last 6 years. In 2018, 45% of coinfection cases occurred in migrants. Of the total cases evaluated, 53% were successfully treated and 28% died. Conclusions: The remarkable increase in TB/HIV coinfection, urgently demands new prevention and control strategies, aimed at the most vulnerable groups.

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“…The criminalisation and stigmatisation of sex work influence community perceptions of sex workers, reinforcing stigma and discrimination both in healthcare settings and in day-to-day life [18]. As a result, sex workers are often denied equal access to quality health services and may experience difficulties accessing SRH care across their life course [19][20][21][22][23][24]. Together, these overlapping structural barriers contribute to a lack of targeted services, thus violating the right of sex workers to comprehensive and appropriate SRH care.…”

Section: Structural Determinants Of Sexual and Reproductive Health Access For Sex Workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Inequities Among Sex Workers Across the Life Course

Shapiro¹,

Duff

2021

Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights

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All individuals, including sex workers, are entitled to the full spectrum of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights. Yet sex workers continue to bear significant SRH inequities and unmet needs for appropriate SRH services at every step along their sexual and reproductive lives. To illustrate the complex and nuanced barriers that currently impede sex workers’ access to SRH services, this chapter describes the current gaps in access to SRH services experienced by sex workers globally, drawing on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 171 sex workers and sex worker organisations from across ten countries. Interviews highlight the lack of tailored, comprehensive, and integrated SRH services. These gaps are driven by intersecting structural forces such as: the criminalisation of sex work, same-sex relationships, and gender non-conformance; harmful and coercive SRH policies; sex work and gender-based stigma; and logistical and practical barriers. To support the SRH needs and rights of sex workers, participants recommended improved access to comprehensive, integrated services addressing sex workers’ broader SRH needs, including family planning, abortion and pregnancy needs, SRH screening, hormone therapy, and other gender-affirming services. Crucial steps towards ensuring equitable SRH access for sex workers include addressing stigma and discrimination within healthcare settings, removal of coercive SRH policies and practices, and dedicating appropriate resources towards sex worker-led SRH models within the context of decriminalisation of sex work.

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Stigma and unmet sexual and reproductive health needs among international migrant sex workers at the Mexico–Guatemala border

Abstract: There is a crucial need to avoid prioritizing vertical disease-specific services and to promote access to rights-based SRH services for migrant sex workers in both home and destination settings.

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Criminalisation, Health, and Labour Rights Among Im/migrant Sex Workers Globally

Criminalisation, Health, and Labour Rights Among Im/migrant Sex Workers Globally

Evolución de la coinfección por TB/VIH en la Región Metropolitana de Chile, 2005 a 2018

Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Inequities Among Sex Workers Across the Life Course

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