Sterols in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation

Keber, Rok; Rozman, Damjana; Horvat, Simon

doi:10.1194/jlr.r032326

Cited by 106 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Expression of cholesterol transcripts may be associated with meiosis-activating sterols (MAS). There are high levels of MAS in the adult testis and the sperm of many mammals (Keber et al, 2013). In the present study, the highest level of expression of cholesterol-related genes was found in the testis of mature boars, where it may be related to both spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Gene expression during testis development in Duroc boars

Lervik

Kristoffersen

Conley

et al. 2015

Animal

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Androstenone is a steroid pheromone occurring in the pubertal Leydig cells. Breeding against androstenone can decrease pheromone odour in swine meat but appears to cause unwanted side effects such as delayed onset of puberty. To study causality, global gene expression in developing boar testes at 12, 16, 20 and 27 weeks was investigated using a porcine cDNA microarray. The morphological status and androgenic levels of the same individuals have been described in a previous publication. In the present paper, expression of genes and pathways has been analysed with reference to these findings. Nine clusters of genes with significant differential expression over time and 49 functional charts were found in the analysed testis samples. Prominent pathways in the prepubertal testis were associated with tissue renewal, cell respiration and increased endocytocis. E-cadherines may be associated with the onset of pubertal development. With elevated steroidogenesis (weeks 16 to 27), there was an increase in the expression of genes in the MAPK pathway, STAR and its analogue STARD6. A pubertal shift in genes coding for cellular cholesterol transport was observed. Increased expression of meiotic pathways coincided with the morphological onset of puberty. Puberty-related change in Ca (2+) pathway transcripts, neurosteroids, neuronal changes and signalling in redox pathways suggested a developmental-specific period of neuromorphogenesis. Several growth factors were found to increase differentially over time as the testis matured. There may be interactions between MAPK, STAR and growth factors during specific periods. In conclusion, pathways for neurogenesis, morphological pathways and several transcripts for growth factors, which have known modulating effects on steroidogenesis and gonadotropins in humans and rodents, act at specific ages and developmental stages in the boar testis. The age dependency and complexity shown for development-specific testis transcripts must be considered when selecting phenotypic parameters for genetic selection for low androstenone. The results of selection based on measurement of phenotypic maturation and androstenone (or other steroid) levels at one specific age may differ depending on the age used. More research is necessary to find the optimal phenotype to use in order to reduce the unwanted side effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Gene expression during testis development in Duroc boars

Lervik

Kristoffersen

Conley

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…The suspension was loaded into the JE-5.0 elutriation chamber (Beckman, CA), while the rotor was spinning at 2000 g and the PBS fl owed at 5 ml/min. Next, the fl ow rate was incrementally increased up to 80 ml/min, and nine fractions of 100 ml were collected at each fl ow rate (7,10,15,18,23,26,30,34, and 80 ml/min). Germ cell fractions were pelleted and frozen at Ϫ 80°C for RNA and protein isolation.…”

Section: Isolation Of Germ Cells By Elutrial Centrifugationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to oocyte, the role of MAS in male germ cell development has been poorly studied ( 7 ). Most of the clues indicating the potential role of MAS in spermatogenesis originate from the study of MAS-synthesizing cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14 ␣ -demethylase (CYP51), encoded by the gene Cyp51 in the mouse.…”

Section: Separation Of Seminiferous Tubules and Interstitial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male germ cell-specific knockout of cholesterogenic cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14α-demethylase (Cyp51)

Keber

Ačimovič

Majdič

et al. 2013

Journal of Lipid Research

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sexes have been a matter of intense investigation. Early experiments suggested that a diffusible, sex-unspecifi c meiosis-inducing substance is produced by gonads of both sexes but induces meiotic initiation only in female germ cells. It was suggested that meiosis in the prespermatogonia could be blocked by the antagonistic action of meiosis-preventing substance, secreted by testicular cords ( 1, 2 ). In 1995, two structurally related sterols, termed meiosis-activating sterols (MAS), with the ability to trigger the resumption of meiosis in mouse oocytes cultured in vitro, were identifi ed ( 3 ). Follicular fl uid meiosis-activating sterol (FF-MAS), isolated from human follicular fl uid, and testis meiosis-activating sterol (T-MAS), isolated from bull testes, were the fi rst reported sterol precursors with potential biological activity and the fi rst compounds with meiosis-activating potency. Based on the sex-and species-unspecifi c action of MAS, a hypothesis about the important role of MAS in reproduction emerged ( 3, 4 ). However, follow-up in vitro experiments have provided evidence that MAS might not be absolutely essential for gonadotropin-mediated resumption of meiosis ( 5 ). In contrast, some studies have demonstrated that MAS and related analogs promote nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of oocyte in vitro ( 6 ). Therefore, despite the existence of a relatively large body of in vitro studies indicating an important regulatory role of MAS in the onset of meiosis in oocytes, in vivo proof has not yet been provided. a Young Scientist Fellowship to R. K.; Abstract

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“…Epoxiconazole may damage the seminiferous tubule causing a decrease in the number of spermatocytes, spermatogonia, and spermatids [9]. Further, it is suggested that epoxiconazole can affect the activity of the genes sterol 14α-demethylase (encoded by the CYP51 gene) and aromatase (encoded by the CYP19 gene) [10,11], which are required for membrane fluidity and integrity of fungal cells, and these genes also modulate the expression and function of mammalian cytochrome P450 enzymes and are highly expressed in germ cells, playing an important role in spermatogenesis [12,13]. However, little information is available concerning the potential toxicity of epoxiconazole on male spermatogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to Evaluate the Adverse Effects of Epoxiconazole Exposure on Spermatogenesis

Zhang

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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There is increasing evidence that epoxiconazole exposure can affect reproductive function, but few studies have investigated adverse effects on spermatogenesis. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used in our study to assess effects of epoxiconazole on spermatogenesis in male nematodes after 48 h of exposure to concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 μg/L. The results demonstrated that epoxiconazole exposure affected spermatogenesis, decreasing the number of total germ cells, mitotic cells, meiotic cells and spermatids, spermatid diameter, and cross-sectional area, and inducing mitotic germ cell proliferation arrest, premature entry into meiosis, and sperm activation inhibition; however, sperm transfer showed no abnormal changes. In addition, the results showed that epoxiconazole activated the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathway and increased the expression levels of gene daf-1, daf-3, daf-4, daf-5 and daf-7 in nematodes. We therefore propose that epoxiconazole acts by activating the TGFβ signaling pathway, leading to the impairment of spermatogenesis and the consequent decline in male fertility.

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Sterols in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation

Cited by 106 publications

References 131 publications

Gene expression during testis development in Duroc boars

Gene expression during testis development in Duroc boars

Male germ cell-specific knockout of cholesterogenic cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14α-demethylase (Cyp51)

The Use of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to Evaluate the Adverse Effects of Epoxiconazole Exposure on Spermatogenesis

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