Sterol Side Chain Reductase 2 Is a Key Enzyme in the Biosynthesis of Cholesterol, the Common Precursor of Toxic Steroidal Glycoalkaloids in Potato

Sawai, Shujiro; Ohyama, Kiyoshi; Yasumoto, Shuhei; Seki, Hikaru; Sakuma, Tetsushi; Yamamoto, Takashi; Takebayashi, Yumiko; Kojima, Mikiko; Sakakibara, Hitoshi; Aoki, Takeshi; Muranaka, Toshiya; Saito, Kazuki; Umemoto, Naoyuki

doi:10.1105/tpc.114.130096

Cited by 223 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Sawai applied TALEN through a transgenic approach with stable transformation to disrupt the sterol side chain reductase 2 (St SSR2) gene, involved in glycoalkaloid synthesis, obtaining potatoes with a significant reduction in these toxic compounds [39]. Nicolia proposed a pipeline for tetraploid potato genome editing based on transient expression of TALEN in protoplasts, potentially usable also for other SDNs (e.g., Cas), assuring no T-DNA insertion in the plant genome [51].…”

Section: Not All Gm Potatoes Are Equalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organic Potato Farming on Human and Environmental Health and Benefits from New Plant Breeding Techniques. Is It Only a Matter of Public Acceptance?

Pacifico

Paris

2016

Sustainability

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Organic farming practices are commonly thought to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture and to preserve the naturalness of the products. Herein, we report the effect of crop management practices on nutritional and toxicological value of potato tubers. Comparative studies are often controversial and the results are dependent on genotype and methodological approach. Targeted analysis and "omics" strategies are discussed, pointing at the nutritional aspects and the corresponding biological and molecular processes involved. Organic farming supporters still do not accept the use of genetic modification to produce new varieties suited for organic agriculture and crop improvement by genetic engineering still sparks hot debate among various scientific and social factions whose major concern is the possible existence of unintended effects both on human and world health. In this context, the advent of "new plant breeding techniques" has reignited the discussion on genetic engineering and on the compatibility of the new technologies with an eco-friendly agriculture. Could cisgenic and genome-edited potatoes be new good options for organic agriculture? We discuss how these approaches can be used to address food security challenges and to overcome specific problems based on the biological characteristics of potato tubers, producing new varieties that can improve farmers' profit with a lower impact on public opinion. However, political, ethical, and social fears will probably persist much longer, mainly in Italy, historically a fiercely anti-GM country with a European leadership in organic food production and export.

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Section: Not All Gm Potatoes Are Equalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organic Potato Farming on Human and Environmental Health and Benefits from New Plant Breeding Techniques. Is It Only a Matter of Public Acceptance?

Pacifico

Paris

2016

Sustainability

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“…(Shan et al, 2013), barley (Hordeum vulgare; Wendt et al, 2013), wheat (Triticum aestivum; Wang et al, 2014) Brassica oleracea (Sun et al, 2013), potato (Solanum tuberosum; Sawai et al, 2014;, soybean (Glycine max; Haun et al, 2014), maize (Zea mays; Char et al, 2015), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum; Lor et al, 2014). However, there are only a few reports of TALEN-mediated mutations being transmitted to the next generation: in Arabidopsis Forner et al, 2015), rice (Li et al, 2012;Shan et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2015;, wheat (Wang et al, 2014), soybean (Haun et al, 2014), barley (Gurushidze et al, 2014), and maize (Char et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Defect in DNA Ligase4 Enhances the Frequency of TALEN-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis in Rice

et al. 2015

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We have established methods for site-directed mutagenesis via transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) in the endogenous rice (Oryza sativa) waxy gene and demonstrated stable inheritance of TALEN-induced somatic mutations to the progeny. To analyze the role of classical nonhomologous end joining (cNHEJ) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (altNHEJ) pathways in TALEN-induced mutagenesis in plant cells, we investigated whether a lack of DNA Ligase4 (Lig4) affects the kinetics of TALEN-induced double-strand break repair in rice cells. Deep-sequencing analysis revealed that the frequency of all types of mutations, namely deletion, insertion, combination of insertion with deletion, and substitution, in lig4 null mutant calli was higher than that in a lig4 heterozygous mutant or the wild type. In addition, the ratio of large deletions (greater than 10 bp) and deletions repaired by microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) to total deletion mutations in lig4 null mutant calli was higher than that in the lig4 heterozygous mutant or wild type. Furthermore, almost all insertions (2 bp or greater) were shown to be processed via copy and paste of one or more regions around the TALENs cleavage site and rejoined via MMEJ regardless of genetic background. Taken together, our findings indicate that the dysfunction of cNHEJ leads to a shift in the repair pathway from cNHEJ to altNHEJ or synthesis-dependent strand annealing.

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“…Compared to ZFNs, TALENs have better binding affinity to their target sites through RVDs, making them efficient ENs for precise genome modification. Target gene modification via TALENs has been reported in plants including cereal crops (rice and wheat) (Li et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014) and horticultural crops (tomato and potato) (Sawai et al, 2014;Lor et al, 2014), as well as animals, including zebrafish and human (Sander et al, 2011;Hockemeyer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Dujhwhg Jhqrph Hglwlqj Xvlqj Vlwhvshflilf Hqjlqhhuhg Hqgrqxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted genome editing, an alternative tool for trait improvement in horticultural crops

Subburaj

Jin

et al. 2016

Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol.

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Abstract. Improving crops through plant breeding, an important approach for sustainable agriculture, has been utilized to increase the yield and quality of foods and other biomaterials for human use. Crops, including cereals, vegetables, ornamental flowers, fruits, and trees, have long been cultivated to produce high-quality products for human consumption. Conventional breeding technologies, such as natural cross-hybridization, mutation induction through physical or chemical mutagenesis, and modern transgenic tools are often used to enhance crop production. However, these breeding methods are sometimes laborious and complicated, especially when attempting to improve desired traits without inducing pleiotropic effects. Recently, targeted genome editing (TGE) technology using engineered nucleases, including meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) nucleases, has been used to improve the traits of economically important plants. TGE has emerged as a novel plant-breeding tool that represents an alternative approach to classical breeding, but with higher mutagenic efficiency. Here, we briefly describe the basic principles of TGE and the types of engineered nucleases utilized, along with their advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss their potential use to improve the traits of horticultural crops through genome engineering.

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Sterol Side Chain Reductase 2 Is a Key Enzyme in the Biosynthesis of Cholesterol, the Common Precursor of Toxic Steroidal Glycoalkaloids in Potato

Cited by 223 publications

References 75 publications

Effect of Organic Potato Farming on Human and Environmental Health and Benefits from New Plant Breeding Techniques. Is It Only a Matter of Public Acceptance?

Effect of Organic Potato Farming on Human and Environmental Health and Benefits from New Plant Breeding Techniques. Is It Only a Matter of Public Acceptance?

A Defect in DNA Ligase4 Enhances the Frequency of TALEN-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis in Rice

Targeted genome editing, an alternative tool for trait improvement in horticultural crops

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