Steroidogenic properties of a spontaneously established porcine granulosa cell line (PGC-2)

4-Aminopyridine Decreases Progesterone Production by Porcine Granulosa Cells

“…The inhibitory action of 4-AP on progesterone production was investigated further using not only primary cultures, but also the spontaneously established granulosa cell line, PGC-2[19]. Although PGC-2 lack FSH receptors, these cells can serve as a useful in vitro model for GC function, because they produce cAMP in response to forskolin and synthesize progesterone and estradiol when supplied with appropriate substrates.…”

“…The pig granulosa cell line PGC-2 was obtained from Bruce Downey (McGill University) and maintained in culture in McCoy's modified 5A medium supplemented with 10% FBS, as described previously in detail [19]. PGC-2 cells have been well-characterized with respect to steroidogenic capability, cAMP response, and gonadotropin insensitivity [19].…”

“…PGC-2 cells have been well-characterized with respect to steroidogenic capability, cAMP response, and gonadotropin insensitivity [19]. Here, PGC-2 were seeded at a density of approximately 5 × 10 5 cells/ml of serum-containing medium in 24-well tissue culture plates.…”

Generation of stable cell lines by spontaneous immortalization of primary cultures of porcine granulosa cells

“…Although spontaneous immortalization is a rare event in cultures of human cells (Shay et al, 1991;Kuroki and Huh, 1993), it has been observed in cultures of cells from a variety of species, including hamster, mouse, cow, rat, and pig (Kraemer et al, 1986;Kaighn et al, 1988;Bernath et al, 1990;Denhardt et al, 1991;Stein et al, 1991;Kwan et al, 1996;Chedrese et al, 1998;Kido et al, 1998). Investigations on the causes of immortalization and tumorigenesis have focused mainly on uncontrolled cellular growth by activation of oncogenes, inhibition of suppressor genes, and on telomerase activity (Kipling and Cooke, 1990).…”

Expression of Granulosa Cell-Specific Genes and Induction of Apoptosis in Conditionally Immortalized Granulosa Cell Lines Established from H-2Kb-tsA58 Transgenic Mice

“…Most of the granulosa cell lines described in the literature express only some of the functions known to be expressed in granulosa cells in vivo. In only three cases, the cell lines conserve the expression of aromatase [14,19,23]. The GK cell lines described here express granulosa cell-specific genes like AMH and the steroidogenic enzyme P450 scc , with AMH representing a gene specifically expressed in growing follicles [41] and P450 scc being up-regulated around the time of ovulation with high levels of expression in luteinized granulosa cells [5].…”