Stereotype threat among Black and White women in health care settings.

Abdou, Cleopatra M.; Fingerhut, Adam W.

doi:10.1037/a0036946

Cited by 79 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Stereotype threat theory holds that minorities subject to negative health stereotypes may avoid healthcare out of a sense of shame, embarrassment and anxiety that they will be stereotyped by providers (Abdou & Fingerhut, 2014). The potential for this concept to apply to Mäori was revealed by the Mäori Asthma Review (Pomare et al, 1991), which noted that Mäori respondents often expressed a sense of apprehension or fear of being intimidated by doctors.…”

Section: Stereotype Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

What you can't see can hurt you: How do stereotyping, implicit bias and stereotype threat affect Māori health?

Houkamau¹

2016

MAI Journal

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A number of studies demonstrate Mäori receive a poorer standard of healthcare than Päkehä and other non-Mäori in New Zealand. Implicit bias on the part of healthcare providers has been cited as a key contributor to health inequities internationally; however, the concept has not yet been explored in relation to Mäori health. This paper addresses that research gap and describes a theoretical basis for further research on the role of bias for Mäori health outcomes. Drawing from empirical research and theories formulated in social psychology, the paper considers the relevance of implicit bias, stereotyping and stereotype threat for Mäori health outcomes. These have not been integrated and applied to the problem of Mäori health inequities per se; however, it is proposed that they provide a useful conceptual lens for understanding how interpersonal dynamics between Mäori and Päkehä help perpetuate health disparities. Suggestions for further research are also made.

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Section: Stereotype Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

What you can't see can hurt you: How do stereotyping, implicit bias and stereotype threat affect Māori health?

Houkamau¹

2016

MAI Journal

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“…Furthermore, the proportion of Black community members who are under criminal justice supervision and assessed as having a greater risk of offending following a medical screening, surpasses the high-risk assessment applied to comparable White men and women (Prins, Osher, Steadman, Robbins, & Case, 2012). This is particularly problematic when coupled with research findings highlighting that the systemic implicit bias held by physicians, healthcare administrators, and patients lead to underestimations of poor health, and a subsequently subpar provision of care (Abdou & Fingerhut, 2014;Matthew, 2015;Sanchez & Vargas, 2016). The absence of quality healthcare delivery for patients of Color is a crisis that may steer members of these groups away from effective treatment that they need and deserve.…”

Section: Medicalization Of Drug Abusementioning

confidence: 88%

“…3 This legislation allowed for the construction of hospitals that fulfilled two purposes: facilities were intended to both provide effective medical treatment to and conduct addiction research on substance abusers; and quarantine those classified as the nation's most dangerous addicts, many of whom were feared to serve as recruiters into the country's drug world underbelly (Baumohl, 2011). The Narcotic Farm, jointly conceived of by the Bureau of Prisons and the Public Health Service, was erected in 1935 in Lexington, Kentucky and signaled the emergence of federally funded prison-based substance abuse programming.…”

Section: Federal Narcotic Farm 1935-1974mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No holds or statements are barred from the group effort at truth seeking about problem situations, feelings, and emotions of each member of the group (…) This often left them with a clearer view and a greater knowledge of their inner and outer world. (p. 3) These sorts of encounters are a critical element of TC programming and newer residents are socialized into the norms of these practices by older residents and TC personnel, many of whom are recovering addicts themselves (Curtis & Eby, 2010;De Leon, 2000).…”

Section: Therapeutic Communities 1958-presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An historical review of racial bias in prison-based substance abuse treatment design

Kerrison

2017

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

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This study leverages critical race and legal epidemiological frameworks to illustrate the race-based historical evolution of U.S. rehabilitation paradigms directed at imprisoned heroin and opioid users. What began as a racist early-20th-century federal antinarcotic trafficking effort has since assumed a state-based treatment agenda whose programmatic operations are largely based in correctional settings disproportionately reserved for poor substance abusers of color. Even in contemporary carceral facilities, where incarcerated populations are teeming with White addicts, in the aggregate, White drug abusers have been protected from the depraved, incorrigible, and inherently pathological drug-using caricature assigned to their non-White counterparts. This historical examination demonstrates how links between broader drug policy and prison-based drug treatment support a legally codified White supremacist narrative that erodes health and wellbeing for program participants of color, and the communities to which they inevitably return.

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“…For instance, females indicate less interest in math [20–22], leadership roles [23], and other traditionally masculine domains [24–27] when female stereotypes are made salient. HCST—a healthcare-specific form of stereotype threat—is defined as the threat of being judged by, and/or of personally confirming through one’s own actions, behaviors, or outcomes, negative group-based stereotypes that are salient in healthcare settings [15, 16]. Notably, the types of healthcare-relevant stereotypes that are called to mind differ with the particular dimension(s) of social identity under threat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Based Reproductive Healthcare Stereotype Threat (HCST) as a Stressor Affecting Prenatal Mental Health in Pregnant Women of Advanced Maternal Age: Measurement, Process, Outcomes, and Interactions with Ethnicity/Race, SES, and Other Social Identities

Abdou

2017

Curr Epidemiol Rep

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Purpose of Review Reproductive health, and pregnancy more specifically, is the first critical link between generations. Beginning with this first critical link, pregnancy acts as a domino, affecting the expression of genes and determining the lifespan mental and physical health and reproductive potential of offspring and, likely, of subsequent generations. Given the powerful intergenerational domino that is pregnancy, the development of innovative models to enhance reproductive health and outcomes is an invaluable public health investment. Recent Findings While U.S. pregnancy and birth outcomes have improved dramatically since the 1960s— including substantial progress within the past 15 years, largely catalyzed by the Healthy People initiative—group-based disparities remain. What’s more, social change and medical advancements have led to an evolving window of female reproductive age. Despite becoming more common, being an older expectant mother remains a stigmatized social identity. The concept of healthcare stereotype threat (HCST) is introduced in relation to reproductive health. Stereotype threat is a situational predicament in which an individual who possesses a stigmatized social identity fears confirming negative group-based stereotypes. HCST is a healthcare-specific form of stereotype threat, arising out of stereotypes that are salient in healthcare settings. It is hypothesized that the experience of age-based reproductive HCST is an overlooked stressor affecting prenatal mental and physical health among women of advanced maternal age. Summary The hypothesized process of age-based reproductive HCST is described; outcomes and consequences are discussed; interactions with ethnicity/race, SES, and other aspects of social identity are considered; and strategies for prevention and intervention are explored, including active and passive shifts in three areas: (1) internally, in both providers and patients; (2) in the external environment, or the physical healthcare setting itself; and (3) within interpersonal interactions that occur within healthcare settings, particularly between physicians and patients. Implications for gynecological, infertility, and obstetric care and improving the reproductive outcomes of older women are discussed.

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Stereotype threat among Black and White women in health care settings.

Cited by 79 publications

References 46 publications

What you can't see can hurt you: How do stereotyping, implicit bias and stereotype threat affect Māori health?

What you can't see can hurt you: How do stereotyping, implicit bias and stereotype threat affect Māori health?

An historical review of racial bias in prison-based substance abuse treatment design

Age-Based Reproductive Healthcare Stereotype Threat (HCST) as a Stressor Affecting Prenatal Mental Health in Pregnant Women of Advanced Maternal Age: Measurement, Process, Outcomes, and Interactions with Ethnicity/Race, SES, and Other Social Identities

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