Stereoscopic depth magnitude estimation: effects of stimulus spatial frequency and eccentricity

Cisarik, Patricia; Harwerth, Ronald S.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2004.11.019

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We were interested in absolute judgments, and previous work showed that verbal reporting was a reliable technique for reporting depth. 7 For these experiments, normalization of the data permits comparisons across observers despite idiosyncratically determined scales of depth. The large variance of the data obtained with this technique also raises the question of its utility, but no overlap of the error bars for different conditions occurred for subject PC, even The frequency with which subjects TL (top) and AV (bottom) mis-assigned the direction or assigned "zero depth" to the stimulus is plotted against the interocular correlation of the stimulus, with the results for the two magnitudes of disparity shown separately in the left (2.56 arcmin) and right (10.24 arcmin) panels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, subject AV participated in a similar experiment using local disparity stimuli, the results of which were similar to his performance here. 7 Therefore, the asymmetry in his depth magnitude estimation functions cannot be attributed to inexperience. Additionally, no subject misper- Depth magnitude estimation (normalized) as a function of interocular correlation is shown for four subjects.…”

Section: Interocular Correlation and Contrast And Steroscopic Depth Mmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In a recent study using unreferenced local disparity stimuli, Cisarik and Harwerth found that subjects who could readily discriminate both uncrossed and crossed disparities reported seeing less depth with divergent than with convergent disparities of the same magnitude. 7 Schor and Wood found that more disparity was required for a low spatial frequency difference-of-Gaussians (DOG) stimulus to match the perceived depth of a crossed high frequency standard than to match an uncrossed high frequency standard. 8 Whereas previous studies consistently have demonstrated an apparent perceptual compression of "far" space at suprathreshold depths, whether the perceptual asymmetry occurs in the disparity processing mechanism is unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Interocular Correlation and Contrast on Stereoscopic Depth Magnitude Estimation

Cisarik

Harwerth

2008

Optometry and Vision Science

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Magnitude estimation of suprathreshold stimuli provided a method of studying performance characteristics of stereoscopic depth perception across the range of functional disparities. Differences found in depth magnitude estimation as a function of the sign of disparity suggest that the neural mechanisms underlying depth perception from uncrossed disparity are more sensitive to image decorrelation, particularly at low contrast, than the mechanisms underlying depth estimation from crossed disparity. These results could occur from differences in near and far disparity-sensitive neurons, from the geometrical relationship between disparity and physical distance in normal viewing, or from the response measure independent of perception.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interocular Correlation and Contrast And Steroscopic Depth Mmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Interocular Correlation and Contrast on Stereoscopic Depth Magnitude Estimation

Cisarik

Harwerth

2008

Optometry and Vision Science

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“…First, the abrupt change of disparities may require a readjustment of the visual system that introduces a delay in fusion. Second, stereo fusion may be facilitated by sensory hysteresis ( [Howard 1995, p. 322]) or peripheral vision processing [Cisarik and Harwerth 2005]. Fast manipulation of the stimuli's disparities may be interfering or inhibiting the function of these processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of fast disparity adjustment in gaze-controlled stereoscopic applications

Bernhard

Dell'mour

Hecher

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

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With the emergence of affordable 3D displays, stereoscopy is becoming a commodity. However, often users report discomfort even after brief exposures to stereo content. One of the main reasons is the conflict between vergence and accommodation that is caused by 3D displays. We investigate dynamic adjustment of stereo parameters in a scene using gaze data in order to reduce discomfort. In a user study, we measured stereo fusion times after abrupt manipulation of disparities using gaze data. We found that gaze-controlled manipulation of disparities can lower fusion times for large disparities. In addition we found that gaze-controlled disparity adjustment should be applied in a personalized manner and ideally performed only at the extremities or outside the comfort zone of subjects. These results provide important insight on the problems associated with fast disparity manipulation and are essential for developing appealing gaze-contingent and gaze-controlled applications.

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“…They find that the abrupt disparity adjustment often increases the vergence time, and suggest that stereo fusion might require some readjustments in such conditions. This might be because the vergence facilitation effects due to peripheral vision processing is invalidated [Cisarik and Harwerth 2005]. It is worth noting that in that experiment, the actual saccade is triggered by the color change of a test square, whose destination is precisely known, and the disparity adjustment can be performed with a minimal latency.…”

Section: Gaze-driven Disparity Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

GazeStereo3D

Kellnhofer¹,

Didyk

Hefeeda³

et al. 2016

ACM Trans. Graph.

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Figure 1: Beyond common disparity mapping (a) our approach adapts to attended regions such as the Armadillo (b) or Bunny (d) and modifies disparity in that region to enhance depth and reduce discomfort from the accommodation-vergence conflict (c,e). To that end we build non-linear remapping curves and use our novel perceptual model to ensure a seamless transition between them (f). AbstractProducing a high quality stereoscopic impression on current displays is a challenging task. The content has to be carefully prepared in order to maintain visual comfort, which typically affects the quality of depth reproduction. In this work, we show that this problem can be significantly alleviated when the eye fixation regions can be roughly estimated. We propose a new method for stereoscopic depth adjustment that utilizes eye tracking or other gaze prediction information. The key idea that distinguishes our approach from the previous work is to apply gradual depth adjustments at the eye fixation stage, so that they remain unnoticeable. To this end, we measure the limits imposed on the speed of disparity changes in various depth adjustment scenarios, and formulate a new model that can guide such seamless stereoscopic content processing. Based on this model, we propose a real-time controller that applies local manipulations to stereoscopic content to find the optimum between depth reproduction and visual comfort. We show that the controller is mostly immune to the limitations of low-cost eye tracking solutions. We also demonstrate benefits of our model in off-line applications, such as stereoscopic movie production, where skillful directors can reliably guide and predict viewers' attention or where attended image regions are identified during eye tracking sessions. We validate both our model and the controller in a series of user experiments. They show significant improvements in depth perception without sacrificing the visual quality when our techniques are applied.

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Stereoscopic depth magnitude estimation: effects of stimulus spatial frequency and eccentricity

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

The Effects of Interocular Correlation and Contrast on Stereoscopic Depth Magnitude Estimation

The Effects of Interocular Correlation and Contrast on Stereoscopic Depth Magnitude Estimation

The effects of fast disparity adjustment in gaze-controlled stereoscopic applications

GazeStereo3D

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