Stem xylem features in three Quercus (Fagaceae) species along a climatic gradient in NE Spain

Villar-Salvador, Pedro; Castro‐Díez, Pilar; Pérez-Rontomé, Carmen; Montserrat-Martı́, Gabriel

doi:10.1007/pl00009701

Cited by 109 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…In this study, the overall frequency distribution of vessel was left-skewed, as previously reported for Q. faginea (Villar-Salvador et al 1997, Corcuera et al 2004a, Alla & Camarero 2012, Q. robur and Q. ilex (García-González & Eckstein 2003, Campelo et al 2010, Corcuera et al 2004b). The vessel distribution seems age-related, and the …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Earlywood vessel features in Quercus faginea: relationship between ring width and wood density at two sites in Portugal

Sousa¹,

Lousada²,

Pereira³

2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionVessel size and distribution throughout a growth ring deeply affect tree physiology and wood utilization. Vessels are the main cell types of the vascular transport system of plants and their importance is higher when the species are under threat of, for example, drought. In fact, the conductive area of vessels seems related to the conductive efficiency and tracks intra-seasonal information (Carlquist 2001, Fonti et al. 2009. Wood characteristics such as texture (i.e., the wood appearance due to cell morphology and density) are affected by vessel characteristics, thereby the quality of wood products is also vessel related (Zobel & Van Buijtenen 1989, Stanzl-Tschegg 2011.The measurement of vessel features such as area and diameter used to be a very timeconsuming task. However, the current use of microscopy coupled with image analysis makes data acquisition and processing more efficient (Gasson 1985, Sass & Eckstein 1994, Fonti et al. 2002, Leal et al. 2007. Recently, the number of studies focusing on the variation of vessel features (e.g., with age, growth and site) and their relation to other wood characteristics (e.g., density) has increased, although data is still scanty and results are often species-specific. The main tendencies in studies on vessel diameter variation have been recently discussed by Anfodillo et al. (2013), with special attention to the relationship between axial conduit widening and tree height.Vessels are key contributors to wood density, that is inversely proportional to their size and number (Savidge 2003). In oaks, vessel proportion (i.e., the percentage of xylem cross-section occupied by vessels) is one of the major anatomical factors affecting latewood density (Rao et al. 1997) and specific gravity (Zhang & Zhong 1992). For instance, in Quercus suber vessel size and number were found to contribute significantly to mean ring wood density (Leal et al. 2011).Contrasting results have been reported so far regarding the variation of vessels with age and tree growth. In Quercus alba the percentage of earlywood vessel area was influenced by the radial position, but not by the ring width (Phelps & Workman 1994). Earlywood vessel area was larger in fastgrowing than in slow-growing Juglans nigra trees, but no correlation was found between the earlywood vessel area and ring width (Phelps & Workman 1994). Denne et al. (1999) reported that the total vessel proportion decreased significantly as the ring width increase in Nothofagus nervosa, a diffuse porous hardwood species. In Q. suber, the vessel size increased from pith outwards, explaining 32% of the total variation in wood ring density (Leal et al. 2007, Leal et al. 2011. In Q. rubra, vessel percentage was also found to be correlated with specific gravity, independently of soil types (Hamilton & Knauss 1986). As for ring porous species, it is generally accepted that latewood width is responsible for the variation in wood ring density, while earlywood width is relatively constant (Chauhan et al. ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Earlywood vessel features in Quercus faginea: relationship between ring width and wood density at two sites in Portugal

Sousa¹,

Lousada²,

Pereira³

2015

iForest

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“…In the chaparral flora of California, the flora of South Western Australia and in a comparison between a Mexican wet rain forest and a dry forest, species occurring in moister sites generally had the larger xylem vessel diameters and longer vessels [2,4,5]. The same trend was found within some species from the genus Quercus along a climatic gradient in NE Spain [24]. Nevertheless, xylem resistance of roots and shoots may account for only 20 -30% of the total plant hydraulic resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Hydraulic conductance of two co-occuring neotropical understory shrubs with different habitat preferences

2000

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-Whole plant hydraulic conductance was measured for two co-occuring neotropical rainforest understory shrub species of the genus Piper, which differ in their habitat preference with respect to soil moisture: P. trigonum is restricted to wet habitats, whereas P. cordulatum occurs in drier sites. Plants were grown under four treatments (two light conditions crossed with two watering regimes), representing the extremes of conditions in their natural habitat. The data showed significantly higher total hydraulic conductance and leaf specific conducance in the drought-avoiding species, P. trigonum, than in the drought-tolerant species P. cordulatum. The measured parameters also differed between growth treatments. The species differences in hydraulic conductance could be interpreted as adaptive in the respective species' habitat, and might thus be important in determining habitat preference and distribution of the two species.hydraulic conductance / drought / Piper / tropical rainforest / understory shrub Résumé -Conductance hydraulique de deux arbustes néotropicaux du sous étage ayant des habitats préférentiels. La conductance hydraulique de la plante entière a été mesurée pour deux espèces arbustives du genre Piper du sous étage d'une forêt néotropi-cale. Ces espèces différent par leur adaptation à l'humidité du sol : P. trigonum est localisé dans les habitats humides, alors que P. cordulatum se rencontre dans les zones sèches. Les plants ont été soumis à quatre traitements (deux conditions d'éclairement combinées avec deux régimes hydriques), représentant les conditions extrêmes de leurs habitats naturels. Les résultats montrent une conductance hydraulique et une conductance spécifique des feuilles significativement plus élevées pour l'espèce évitant la sécheresse, P. trigonum, par rapport à l'espèce tolérant la sécheresse, P. cordulatum. Les paramètres de croissance mesurés diffèrent aussi selon les traitements. Les différences de conductance hydraulique entre espèces peuvent être interprétées comme une adaptation aux conditions respectives de l'habitat, et peuvent être alors un facteur important dans la préférence pour l'habitat et la répartition des deux espèces.conductance hydraulique / sécheresse / Piper / forêt tropicale / arbuste de sous étage Ann. For. Sci. 57 (2000)

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“…Hydraulic architecture at tree level reflects the environmental conditions e.g. water availability and air temperature (Villa-Salvador et al 1997;Noshiro and Baas 1998;Schreiber et al 2012). Crown architecture growth is also reflected in hydraulic architecture as the xylem anatomy varies according to e.g.…”

Section: Hydraulic Tree Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Crown architecture and its role in species interactions in mixed boreal forests

Lintunen¹

2013

Diss. For.

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The species specific growth patterns make plastic crown architecture respond in different manner to different environments modifying their influence to neighbours. The main aims of this thesis were to separate the effect of neighbour species identity from the abundance, size and proximity of the neighbours in between-tree competition and to link crown architecture with hydraulic architecture by identifying the associated within-tree variation of crown traits.The empirical part of the work was based on digitising three-dimensional (3D) crown architecture and measuring xylem anatomy. Digitising allowed the development of crown architecture models for Betula pendula (Roth.) and Pinus sylvestris (L.). The models were further applied to simulate light transmission in mixed stands.Crown architecture of the studied species responded to increased competition intensity primarily by reducing branch number and size. Proportional biomass distribution to foliage and main branches over the stem increased in young B. pendula with increasing competition intensity, whereas Pinus sylvestris used the opposite strategy. In addition to competition intensity, crown architecture of the studied species showed plastic responses to the species identity of neighbouring trees. Lower overall growth but added height growth indicating stronger competition was found in mixtures of B. pendula and Pinus sylvestris when a tree was surrounded by interspecific neighbours compared to trees surrounded by intraspecific neighbours. Both species-specific effects on resource gradients and nonresource signals remain plausible explanations for this result: B. pendula transmitted more light than Pinus sylvestris at simulated dense stands.Hydraulic architecture was shown to be interlinked with crown architecture as the conduit diameter varied as a function of tree compartment, branching hierarchy, leaf area and distance from the apex.The results suggest that the use of detailed tree structure models and species-specific competition analysis is useful in predicting and understanding growth in mixed boreal stands.

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Stem xylem features in three Quercus (Fagaceae) species along a climatic gradient in NE Spain

Cited by 109 publications

References 35 publications

Earlywood vessel features in Quercus faginea: relationship between ring width and wood density at two sites in Portugal

Earlywood vessel features in Quercus faginea: relationship between ring width and wood density at two sites in Portugal

Hydraulic conductance of two co-occuring neotropical understory shrubs with different habitat preferences

Crown architecture and its role in species interactions in mixed boreal forests

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