Stegananlysis Method of Two Least-Significant Bits Steganography

Zhang, Ke; Gao, Hai-ying; Bao, Wan-su

doi:10.1109/itcs.2009.207

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Embedding in two least significant bits could be divided into two major types 10,11 ; 2LSB and I2LSB. The 2LSB, directly replaces both two least significant bits of the selected pixel values with two bits of the secret message.…”

Section: Lsb Steganography In Still Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another method of detecting 2LSB steganography is proposed by Zhang et al 11 based on the statistical characteristics in the two least significant bits of the pixel values in the image. The detection accuracy can reach 90% only when the embedding rate is not less than 0.2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed method uses the standard deviation of the frequency of occurrences in EPoVs to estimate the length of the hidden message, which become a probabilistic classifier rather than being a discrete classifier. The evaluation is done over a set of 3000 never-compressed images 12 after converting them into grey-scale with streams of pseudo random binary values as a secret message; to make it very close to the encrypted version 11 . The results of the proposed method are compared to the results of the method proposed by Niu et al 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A better detection of 2LSB steganography via standard deviation of the extended pairs of values

Khalind

Aziz

2015

SPIE Proceedings

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This paper proposes a modification to the Extended Pairs of Values (EPoV) method of 2LSB steganalysis in digital still images. In EPoV, the detection and the estimation of the hidden message length were performed in two separate processes as it considered the automated detection. However, the new proposed method uses the standard deviation of the EPoV to measure the amount of distortion in the stego image made by the embedding process using 2LSB replacement, which is directly proportional with the embedding rate. It is shown that it can accurately estimate the length of the hidden message and outperform the other methods of the targeted 2LSB steganalysis in the literature. The proposed method is also more consistent with the steganalysis methods in the literature by giving the amount of difference to the expected clean image. According to the experimental results, based on analysing 3000 nevercompressed images, the proposed method is more accurate than the current targeted 2LSB steganalysis methods for low embedding rates.

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Section: Lsb Steganography In Still Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A better detection of 2LSB steganography via standard deviation of the extended pairs of values

Khalind

Aziz

2015

SPIE Proceedings

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“…Hiding it in an image is a much simpler and effective way and provides secrecy very vividly [6] [11]. LSB substitution in an image, a more prone technique preferred by many due to its efficacious nature [3] [4] [5] [7]. Though there are many useful steganography techniques none have been implemented for vernaculars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Devanagari text embedding in a gray image: An offbeat approach

Manisha

Malvika

Karthikeyan

et al. 2015

2015 2nd International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems (ICECS)

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Steganography is a tool which helps in hiding information that plays a crucial role in many ways and in many lives. With the advent of the Internet, information exchange is possible in many languages other than English. This technology eventually carries with it a disadvantage which is the loss of security and privacy of information. Steganography an insipid medium, is one such way to ensure privacy. Steganography plays a vital role in securing the secret data. In this paper, a different approach is chosen for encoding Devanagari (Hindi) Text in the cover image. This approach of hiding Devanagari (Hindi) and English Text in an alternate manner is very efficient and simple to use. This paper describes a duplet algorithm, one for encoding and another for decoding. The image parameters are calculated by this proposed methodology, which proves that this process is more efficient and innovative.

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“…Zhang et al 5 also proposed a method of detecting 2LSB embedding steganography based on the statistical characteristics in 2LSBs of the image pixel values. As claimed by the author, the detection rate could reach up to 90% only when the embedding rate is 20% or more, which limits the performance of detection in low embedding rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting 2LSB steganography using extended pairs of values analysis

Khalind

Aziz

2014

SPIE Proceedings

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In this paper, we propose an extended pairs of values analysis to detect and estimate the amount of secret messages embedded with 2LSB replacement in digital images based on chi-square attack and regularity rate in pixel values. The detection process is separated from the estimation of the hidden message length, as it is the main requirement of any steganalysis method. Hence, the detection process acts as a discrete classifier, which classifies a given set of images into stego and clean classes. The method can accurately detect 2LSB replacement even when the message length is about 10% of the total capacity, it also reaches its best performance with an accuracy of higher than 0.96 and a true positive rate of more than 0.997 when the amount of data are 20% to 100% of the total capacity. However, the method puts no assumptions neither on the image nor the secret message, as it tested with two sets of 3000 images, compressed and uncompressed, embedded with a random message for each case. This method of detection could also be used as an automated tool to analyse a bulk of images for hidden contents, which could be used by digital forensics analysts in their investigation process.

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Stegananlysis Method of Two Least-Significant Bits Steganography

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

A better detection of 2LSB steganography via standard deviation of the extended pairs of values

A better detection of 2LSB steganography via standard deviation of the extended pairs of values

Devanagari text embedding in a gray image: An offbeat approach

Detecting 2LSB steganography using extended pairs of values analysis

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