Stealing from the past: Globalisation, strategic formation and the use of indigenous intellectual property in the biotechnology industry

Ostergard, Robert L.; Tubin, Matthew R.; Altman, Jordan

doi:10.1080/01436590120071821

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Meanwhile, little, if any, of the profits made from such innovations are shared with the indigenous communities from which they originate (Ostergard et al, 2001). Such processes of accretion of natural resources and both intellectual and biological property form part of a historical trend which David Harvey has characterized as ''accumulation by dispossession'' -a range of practices that ultimately enables the powerful to appropriate valuable assets at deeply discounted rates from weak or marginalized populations (2003, p. 145).…”

Section: Indigenous-corporate Engagementmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…On the one hand, the search for natural resources required to fuel global economic growth has resulted in further encroachment into indigenous territories and, in many cases, destruction of both their natural habitat as well as of their culture. 1 In addition, repeated misappropriation of indigenous traditional knowledge, particularly by the biotechnology industry, has benefited corporations and the public in Western societies without a share of the profits returning to originators of the knowledge (Ostergard et al, 2001). On the other hand, increased opportunities for communication and collaboration have empowered indigenous peoples with the tools to build networks and share knowledge among other indigenous groups and with civil society organizations (CSOs), 2 scholars, activists and, occasionally, with businesses that share their interests (Sawyer and Gomez, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Through Indigenous Lenses: Cross-Sector Collaborations with Fringe Stakeholders

Murphy

Arenas

2010

J Bus Ethics

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Section: Indigenous-corporate Engagementmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Through Indigenous Lenses: Cross-Sector Collaborations with Fringe Stakeholders

Murphy

Arenas

2010

J Bus Ethics

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“…Biodiversity-based agriculture seeks to develop diversity in cultivated species and genotypes at multiple spatial and temporal levels to favour functional complementarities in resource use and biological regulation (Caron et al 2014;Duru et al 2015;Ostergard et al 2001). This "planned" diversity and the landscape-matrix heterogeneity promotes the beneficial "associated" diversity (Altieri 1999;Duru et al 2015;Kassam et al 2012;Power 2010).…”

Section: Foundations Of Biodiversity-based Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Designing agroecological transitions; A review

Duru

Thérond

Fares

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

354

230

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Concerns about the negative impacts of productivist agriculture have led to the emergence of two forms of ecological modernisation of agriculture. The first, efficiency-substitution agriculture, aims to improve input use efficiency and to minimise environmental impacts of modern farming systems. It is currently the dominant modernisation pathway. The second, biodiversity-based agriculture, aims to develop ecosystem services provided by biological diversity. It currently exists only as a niche. Here we review challenges of implementing biodiversity-based agriculture: managing, at the local level, a consistent transition within and among farming systems, supply chains and natural resource management. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of existing conceptual frameworks developed to analyse farming, socialecological and socio-technical systems. Then we present an integrative framework tailored for structuring analysis of agriculture from the perspective of developing a territorial biodiversity-based agriculture. In addition, we propose a participatory methodology to design this agroecological transition at the local level. This design methodology was developed to support a multi-stakeholder arena in analysing the current situation, identifying future exogenous changes and designing (1) targeted territorial biodiversity-based agriculture, (2) the pathway of the transition and (3) the required adaptive governance structures and management strategies. We conclude by analysing key challenges of designing such a complex transition, developing multi-actor and multidomain approaches based on a combination of scientific and experiential knowledge and on building suitable boundary objects (computer-based and conceptual models, indicators, etc.) to assess innovative systems designed by stakeholders.

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“…This new patent brings no benefit to the community, while also hindering this community's access to the plant. This story has been repeated over and over again in many communities all over the world (Ostergard, Tubin, & Altman, 2001). Cases with similar story lines have been reported in South Africa, for the Hoodia Gordoni plant, patented as an appetite suppressant (Wynberg, 2004), in Madagascar, for the rosy periwinkle plant, patented for its properties that combat certain types of cancer (Wynberg, Schroeder, & Chennells, 2009), and in India, with regard to the different applications of the Neem tree (Banerjee, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Community Protocols as Tools for Resisting Exclusion in Global Environmental Governance

Delgado

2016

Rev. adm. empres.

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Protocolos comunitários como ferramentas de resistência à exclusão no âmbito da governança ambiental global Protocolos comunitarios como herramientas para resistir a la exclusión en gobernanza ambiental global ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the rise of the community protocol approach under the access and benefit-sharing (ABS) transnational governance arena, to understand how local initiatives translate a global environmental regulation. This paper contributes to the literature on transnational governance by showing how this is constituted by a series of translation processes and each time a concept is introduced in a transnational arena and then translated by a community or organization, it gains new forms and uses depending on the interests and experiences of the actors involved. However, the same concept used for the same goal by communities in different parts of the world led to different concrete outcomes, which points to the idea that the outcomes in translation processes are not only ongoing but also unpredictable. In addition, the cases illustrate that in the process of actively translating a global regulation, the local actors themselves also change. Finally, the emergent findings show how community protocols were translated to become translocal tools to resist exclusion in environmental governance through two main mechanisms: connecting goals and practices and (re)connecting social networks. KEYWORDS | Transnational governance, translation, translocal resistance, local communities, access and benefit-sharing. RESUMO RAE-Revista de Administração de Empresas | FGV/EAESP

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Stealing from the past: Globalisation, strategic formation and the use of indigenous intellectual property in the biotechnology industry

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Through Indigenous Lenses: Cross-Sector Collaborations with Fringe Stakeholders

Through Indigenous Lenses: Cross-Sector Collaborations with Fringe Stakeholders

Designing agroecological transitions; A review

Community Protocols as Tools for Resisting Exclusion in Global Environmental Governance

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