Status of health and nutritional intake of the elderly in long-term care facilities: focus on Gwangju Metropolitan City

Abstract

Purpose: This study assessed the food intake and nutritional status of the elderly in long-term care facilities in order to provide adequate food services and improve the nutritional status. Methods: The survey was carried out from August 2019 to October 2019 for the elderly in long-term care facilities located in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The survey was conducted to collect data from 199 elderly persons (34 males and 165 females) aged over 65 years old. The food intake was assessed using a 1-day 24-hour recall method. Results: More than 90% of the subjects were over 75 years old. Forty five percent of the subjects were active, 44.2% of the subjects perceived themselves as not being healthy. Dementia and Parkinson's disease were the most common diseases, followed by hypertension, musculo-skeletal disease, diabetes, and stroke. Only 25.6% of the subjects had most of their teeth intact, and 44.7% of the subjects had difficulty in chewing and swallowing. The total food intake was 1,127 g in males and 1,078 g in females. The most frequently consumed foods were kimchi, cooked rice with multi-grains, soybean soup, cooked rice with white rice, yogurt, pumpkin porridge, soy milk, and duck soup. The average energy intake of the subjects was 1,564.9 kcal in males and 1,535.5 kcal in females. The overall nutritional status of the elderly in the long-term care facilities was poor. In particular, the intake of vitamin D and calcium, vitamin C, riboflavin, and potassium were very low. The intake of vitamin D was 5 µg, and 86.4% of the elderly were below the estimated average requirement, while the intake of sodium was high. Conclusion:The results of this study can be used to understand the health and nutritional status and to improve the food services and nutrition management for the elderly in longterm care facilities.

The Review of Interventions to Improve the Swallowing Function in the Elderly

“…And SE and EXP were found to be more effective in resistance training than non-resistance training. This seems to be because more effective muscle training is possible when you are properly overloaded and tired during muscle contraction 43) . Therefore, it can be taken into consideration to accompany resistance when developing an intervention plan using SE or EXP in the future.…”

Current status of foodservice nutrition management and effects of welfare facility support for the elderly in Cheongju City

“…In particular, items regarding consideration of underlying diseases and chewing/swallowing abilities and the provision of diabetic diets, low-salt diets, soft diets, dysphagia diets, and dental soft diets resulted in increased intakes by patients with underlying diseases such as diabetes or high blood pressure. According to research targeting long-term care facilities for the elderly [ 9 ], mean daily energy intake was 1,538.9 kcal (men: 1,564.9 kcal, women: 1,535.5 kcal), and 85.3% of men and 47.7% of women were eating less than recommended energy requirements. In a similar study [ 8 ], mean energy intake was 1,375.5 kcal (men: 1,360.2 kcal, women: 1,378.0 kcal), which was much lower than Korean intake recommendations [ 21 ].…”

“…When an elderly person is ill and confined to bed, it is an easy matter to provide energy and protein enhanced snacks and meals [ 24 ]. Furthermore, by providing diets with various viscosities for the elderly with dysphagia, intake can be increased [ 25 ], and malnutrition in the elderly with various underlying diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and dementia [ 8 9 ] that require individual management rather than providing standard meals, to increase dietary intake and maintain a satisfactory health status [ 22 23 ].…”

“…In a study on the elderly at nursing homes in Korea, mean energy intake was 1,360.2 kcal for men and 1,378.0 kcal for women, which were 68.0% and 86.1% of energy intake standards, respectively [ 8 ]. Furthermore, according to a study on nutritional intake statuses of the elderly admitted to welfare facilities in Korea, energy intakes were lower than recommended, and the nutritional statuses of riboflavin, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, and potassium were poor [ 9 ].…”

<span>KHẨU PHẦN ĂN V&Agrave; THỰC TRẠNG SUY M&Ograve;N CƠ CỦA NGƯỜI CAO TUỔI TẠI MỘT TRUNG T&Acirc;M CHĂM S&Oacute;C NGƯỜI CAO TUỔI TẠI H&Agrave; NỘI NĂM 2023</span>

“…Trong nghiên cứu của chúng tôi năng lượng trung bình trong khẩu phần là 1231,9 ± 270,1 kcal/ngày với 25,2 kcal/kg/ngày thể trọng đạt 84% so với hướng dẫn của ESPEN về dinh dưỡng trong lão khoa khuyến nghị mức năng lượng nạp vào ở NCT là 30 kcal/kg/ngày. Lượng glucid, protein, lipid trung bình lần lượt là 176,3±43,2 g/ngày; 50,0±13,1 g/ngày; 36,2±6,6 g/ngàycon số này thấp hơn so với nghiên cứu của Liusen Wang ở NCT sống tại Trung Quốc cho thấy lượng năng lượng ăn vào là 1706,8 kcal/ngày, protein, chất béo và carbohydrate lần lượt là 52,2 g/ngày, 61,4 g/ngày và 219,3 g/ngày vào năm 2015 [11] và nghiên cứu ở Hàn Quốc cũng cho kết quả cao hơn chúng tôi, năng lượng khẩu phần là 1538,9 ± 199,0 kcal/ngày lượng cacbon hydrat, protein và lipid lần lượt là 235,2 ± 60,7 g/ngày; 64,7 ± 20 g/ngày; 37,5 ±15,8 g/ngày [12].…”