Statistics of Heavy Rainfall Occurrences in Taiwan

Chen, Ching Sen; Chen, Yi Leng; Liu, Che Ling; Lin, Pay Liam; Chen, Wan-Chin

doi:10.1175/waf1033.1

Cited by 110 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…A 'single heavy rainfall' event is when the rainfall exceeds 75 mm at a single station and a 'single very heavy rainfall event' when the rainfall at a single station exceeds 115 mm. This value is close to the 125 mm used by Bradley and Smith (1994) and the 130 mm used by Chen et al (2007).…”

Section: Defining Heavy Rainfallsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…They also concluded that most of these events (66%) are associated with mesoscale convective systems while synoptic and tropical systems play a larger role in the south and east. Chen et al (2007) used a similar statistical approach to investigate heavy rainfall in Taiwan. They found that heavy rainfall occurs with a pronounced afternoon maximum over Taiwan and that the orographic effects are important in determining the spatial distribution of heavy rainfall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy daily-rainfall characteristics over the Gauteng Province

Dyson¹

2009

WSA

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Daily rainfall over the Gauteng Province, South Africa, was analysed for the summer months of October to March using 32-yr (1977 to 2009) daily rainfall data from about 70 South African Weather Service stations. The monthly and seasonal variation of heavy rainfall occurrences was also analysed. Three 24-h heavy rainfall classes are defined considering the area-average rainfall. A significant rainfall event is defined when the average rainfall exceeds 10 mm, a heavy rainfall event when the average rainfall exceeds 15 mm and a very heavy rainfall event when the average rainfall exceeds 25 mm. January months have the highest monthly average rainfall as well as the highest number of heavy and very heavy rainfall days. The month with the second-highest number of heavy and very heavy rainfall days is February followed by March and October. December has the second-highest monthly average rainfall and the most days with rain. However, it is also the month with the lowest number of heavy and very heavy rainfall days. The highest 24-h rainfall recorded at a single station during the 32-yr period was 300 mm in December 2006. However, rainfall exceeding 115 mm at a single rainfall station in the Gauteng Province is very rare and does not occur every year. January months receive these events more than any other month but this only transpires in approximately a third of years. The central and north-western parts of the Province experience the most events where the rainfall at a single station surpasses 75 and 115 mm. With regard to seasonal rainfall, the 1995/96 summer rainfall season had the highest seasonal rainfall during this 32-yr period followed by the 1999/2000 season. The 1995/96 season had above normal rainfall in both early and late summer but the 1999/2000 season was dry in early summer and very wet in late summer. Significantly high seasonal rainfall is associated with above-normal rainfall in late summer.

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Section: Defining Heavy Rainfallsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy daily-rainfall characteristics over the Gauteng Province

Dyson¹

2009

WSA

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“…In addition, heavy rainfall events caused by TCs were defined as days in which the daily rainfall amount exceeded 50 mm day −1 (TC_R50). In fact, 50 mm day −1 is the heavy rainfall threshold currently used by the forecasters of the National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting of Vietnam, similar to the criteria of the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan (Chen et al 2007). TC_R50 ratio was defined as TC_R50 divided by the total heavy rainfall days (the sum of TC_R50 and non TC_R50).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Climatological Study of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in Vietnam

Nguyen-Thi

Matsumoto

Ngo‐Duc

et al. 2012

SOLA

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This study investigated the characteristics of the rainfall associated with tropical cyclones (TCs), using the TC best-track data and daily rainfall data from 15 meteorological stations for the period 1961−2008 for the coastal region of Vietnam. In addition to investigating the TC rainfall amount, we estimated the TC rain ratio and the ratio of TC heavy rainfall days (TC_R50) and interpreted these parameters for El Niño and La Niña years. Our results show that the maximum TC rainfall occurs from July to September in the northern region, whereas the total rainfall at southern stations is mainly composed of non-TC rainfall. The TC rainfall amount is concentrated in the central region, with a peak in October-November. The TC rain ratio varies from 0 to ~25%, showing a maximum value in the region of 16°N−18°N in September. The mid-central region of Vietnam has maximum TC_R50 ratio in September-October corresponding to its highest TC frequency in the same period. During El Niño (La Niña) years, the TC rain ratio and TC_R50 ratio in the central region show a significant decrease (increase) in October-November. The La Niña phases more strongly affect TC rainfall than the El Niño phases, particularly in central Vietnam. IntroductionTropical cyclones (TCs) regularly threaten many countries, bringing dangers such as disastrously heavy rainfall and flooding. Several studies have examined the rainfall associated with TCs (hereafter called TC rainfall). For example, Rodgers et al. (2000) estimated TC rainfall in the North Pacific using Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) observations for an 11-year period. They found that TCs contributed 12% of the climatological rainfall over the western North Pacific (WNP) from June to November. They also showed that TC rainfall increased from 12 to 18% during El Niño events. Englehart and Douglas (2001) investigated the role of tropical storms over the eastern North Pacific in the rainfall climatology of western Mexico and showed that tropical storm-associated rainfall normally constitutes 20 to 60% of rainfall along Mexico's Pacific coast. In more extreme cases, they found that such rainfall can contribute as much as 25 to 30% to seasonal rainfall totals in western interior locations. Gleason (2006) estimated the characteristics of TC rainfall in the United States between 1950 and 2004. They found that coastal and near-coastal regions received 8 to 16% and 4 to 12% of the precipitation by TCs, respectively. Ren et al. (2006) reported that the ratio of annual TC precipitation to total annual rainfall is 20 to 30% in most of Taiwan and along the coast of China south of 25°N, using rain gauge data over China during 1971−2004. Kubota and Wang (2009 investigated the effect of TCs on seasonal and interannual rainfall variability over the WNP by analyzing rainfall data at 22 rain gauge stations. They showed that along 125°E and between 18°N and 26°N, TC rain accounts for 50 to 60% of the total rainfall during the TC season from July to October. In addition, they described some cha...

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“…Rainfall data comes from the 250 ARMTS stations over the island (Chen et al, 2007). Radar reflectivity with 7.5 min time interval and 1 km x 1 km spatial resolution is from CWB's Chi-Gu Doppler radar (Fig.…”

Section: Data Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation and Maintenance Mechanisms for Heavy Precipitation System over a Mountainous Island under a Prevailing Monsoon Current

Lin¹,

Lee²,

Chen³

et al. 2016

ESR

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In this study, the initiation and maintenance mechanisms of two long-lived, summer heavy rainfall systems over Taiwan are investigated by performing observational data analyses and numerical simulations using a mesoscale model. For both cases of 9-10 July 2008 (Case A) and 18-19 August 2006 (Case B), the heavy rainfall system developed over the western slope of the Central Mountain Range (CMR) under low-level prevailing southwesterly and westerly flows in early afternoon, respectively. These heavy rainfall systems were moving westward toward Taiwan Strait from CMR, while the embedded individual cells were moving in the opposite direction, behaving like a multicell storm. It was also found these individual cells were initiated, enhanced, and then maintained at the leading edge of the near-surface cool outflow and merged with the heavy rainfall systems which became long-lived. These heavy rainfall systems were classified as an upstream propagating precipitation system in a low Froude-number, conditionally unstable flow with high convective available potential energy (CAPE) or Regime I as proposed in a previous study.

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Statistics of Heavy Rainfall Occurrences in Taiwan

Cited by 110 publications

References 25 publications

Heavy daily-rainfall characteristics over the Gauteng Province

Heavy daily-rainfall characteristics over the Gauteng Province

A Climatological Study of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in Vietnam

Initiation and Maintenance Mechanisms for Heavy Precipitation System over a Mountainous Island under a Prevailing Monsoon Current

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