Statistical analysis of ionospheric winds—II

Rosenberg, N. W.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9169(68)80043-1

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Further characteristics of the distribution of the wind magnitudes will be examined in more detail below. The result found here is similar to that found by Rosenberg [1968] in his analysis of 70 midlatitude wind profiles, but the format that he chose for his plots masked, to some extent, the rather dramatic increase in the winds seen here. Since he used a logarithmic axis for the wind speed the increase in the wind speeds was less obvious.…”

Section: Wind Profile Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In the remaining analysis, the high‐latitude wind profiles, i.e., those profiles from Fort Churchill and further north, have been excluded leaving approximately 350 wind profiles covering latitudes from the equator to 58° latitude. When all the wind speed profiles are plotted together, they produce the plot shown in Figure 2 which corresponds closely to Figure 2 in the article by Rosenberg [1968]. A clear trend in the data is that the winds increase rapidly with height above 80–85 km, reaching maximum values in the altitude range around 100–110 km, and decreasing in magnitude again above the maximum, although less rapidly than below the peak.…”

Section: Wind Profile Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The shear magnitudes were calculated for each of the profiles at 1‐km altitude intervals. The results are shown in Figure 11 which can be compared to Figure 3 from the study by Rosenberg [1968]. As expected from the wind profile plots shown earlier, the shear increases in the region approaching the wind maximum with peak values in the altitude range between approximately 100 and 110‐km.…”

Section: Shear Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Winds and shears in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: Results from four decades of chemical release wind measurements

2002

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[1] Since 1958, over 400 chemical tracer measurements have been made of the wind profiles in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The measurements cover a wide range of latitudes, longitudes, seasons, and local times. The results from the analysis of the data set show that a wind maximum in the altitude range between 100 and 110 km is a consistent feature of the observations at midlatitudes and low latitudes. The wind speed associated with the maximum exceeds 100 m s À1 in over 60% of the observations. Large shears are found, especially on the bottomside of the wind maximum, and the observed shears are often large enough to be either unstable or approaching instability. The wind maximum and shear features are characteristics of the overall data set and are not tied to particular observation sites, particular seasons, or special conditions. INDEX TERMS: 3369

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Section: Wind Profile Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Wind Profile Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Shear Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Winds and shears in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: Results from four decades of chemical release wind measurements

2002

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“…In the atmosphere, inertial waves have not been observed in the troposphere; however, evidence of their existence and downward \ phase propagation in the stratosphere has been recently reported by Thompson (1977). Thus the observed helical vertical structures of ionospheric winds at heights from 90 km to 150 km (Rosenberg, 1968) may be indeed manifestations of inertial waves generated in the lower atmosphere as proposed by Moses (1971).…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

Observations and models of inertial waves in the deep ocean

Fu¹

1980

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The structure of the inertial peak in deep ocean kinetic energy spectra is studied here. Records were obtained from Polymode arrays deployed in the Western North Atlantic Ocean ( 4 00W to 70 0 W, 15 0 N to 42oN). The results are interpreted both in terms of local sources and of turning point effects on internal waves generated at lower latitudes.In most of the data, there is a prominent inertial peak slightly above f; however, the peak height above the background continuum varies with depth and geographical environment. Three classes of environment and their corresponding spectra emerge from peak height variations: class I is the 1500 m level near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, with the greatest peak height of 18 db; class 2 includes (a) the upper ocean (depth less than 2000 m), (b) the deep ocean (depth greater than 2000 m) over rough topography, and (c) the deep ocean underneath the Gulf Stream, with intermediate peak height of 11.5 db; class 3 is the deep ocean over smooth topography, with the lowest peak height of 7.5 db. Near f, the horizontal coherence scale is 0(60 km) at depths from 200 m to 600 m, and the vertical coherence scale is 0(200 m) just below the main thermocline.A one turning point model is developed to describe inertial waves at mid-latitudes, based on the assumption that inertial waves are randomly generated at lower latitudes (global generation) where their frequencywavenumber spectrum is given by the model of Munk (1972 a, 1975). Using the globally valid wave functions obtained by Munk and Phillips (1968), various frequency spectra near f are calculated numerically. The model yields a prominent inertial peak of 7 db in the horizontal velocity spectrum but no peaks in the temperature spectrum. The model is latitudinally dependent: the frequency shift and bandwidth of the inertial peak decrease with latitude; energy level near f is minimum at about 300 and higher at low and high latitudes. The observations of class 3 can be well-described by the model; a low zonal wavenumber cutoff is required to produce the observed frequency shift of the inertial peak.The differences between the global generation model and the observations of class 1 and class 2 are interpreted as the effects of local sources. A locally forced model is developed based on the latitudinal modal decomposition of a localized source function. Asymptotic eigensolutions of the Laplace's tidal equation are therefore deriveO and used as a set of expansion functions. The forcing is through a vertical velocity field specified at the top or bottom boundaries of the ocean. For white noise forcing, the horizontal velocity spectrum of the response has an inertial peak which diminishes in the far-field. With the forcing located at either the surface or the bottom, several properties of the class 2 observations can be described qualitatively by a combination of the global and local models.The reflection of inertial waves from a turbulent benthic boundary layer is studied by a slab model of given depth. Frictional effects are confined t...

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“…Both profiles show large wind shears with maximum velocities near 106 km for the zonal wind and 110 km for the meridional wind. The large winds in the altitude range between 100 and 110 km and the large wind shears in the region below the wind maximum are typical of midlatitude wind observations [ Rosenberg , 1968; Larsen , 2002]. Larsen et al [2003] have made a detailed comparison of the wind measurements from the rocket and the lidar at the time of the launch and found excellent agreement.…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TOMEX: Mesospheric and lower thermospheric diffusivities and instability layers

et al. 2004

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[1] The Turbulent Oxygen Mixing Experiment (TOMEX), which was carried out at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico on 26 October 2000, included a rocketborne trimethyl aluminum (TMA) chemical tracer experiment. The subsequent TMA trails provided detailed information about the horizontal neutral wind, turbulence, and diffusivity properties of the atmosphere between approximately 85 and 140 km altitude. Measurements with the University of Illinois Na wind/temperature lidar located at the Starfire Optical Range, NM, provided a detailed time history of the stability properties between 85 and 105-km altitude, including high-resolution wind and temperature measurements prior to and during the chemical tracer measurements. The diffusivities estimated from the trail expansion rates have values consistent with the values expected for molecular diffusion above 110-km altitude and values that are larger than those for molecular diffusion at most altitudes below. Below 103 km, both regions of dynamic and convective instability were found, and the diffusivities are strongly controlled by the instabilities. The unstable regions are well mixed, but the intermediate regions, in some cases, have very small eddy energy dissipation rates. The nearly instantaneous measurements also suggest that eddy diffusion is still important in the height range between 103 km, the nominal turbopause height, and 110 km. INDEX TERMS: 3332

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Statistical analysis of ionospheric winds—II

Cited by 49 publications

References 3 publications

Winds and shears in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: Results from four decades of chemical release wind measurements

Winds and shears in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: Results from four decades of chemical release wind measurements

Observations and models of inertial waves in the deep ocean

TOMEX: Mesospheric and lower thermospheric diffusivities and instability layers

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