Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Guidelines and Best Practices for the Use of Targeted Maximum Likelihood and Machine Learning When Estimating Causal Effects of Exposures on Time‐To‐Event Outcomes

“…Finally, we have provided an illustration with real data. In this illustration, TMLE with machine learning produced a hazard ratio estimate suggesting less benefit from statin persistence than the traditional Cox model, which is more consistent with previous results of randomized controlled trials (OR for all‐cause mortality = 0.86 [95% CI: 0.79, 0.94], RR for cardiovascular disease = 0.75 [95% CI: 0.67, 0.80]) [66]. TMLE also allowed for the estimation of the counterfactual survival curve.…”

Guidelines and Best Practices for the Use of Targeted Maximum Likelihood and Machine Learning When Estimating Causal Effects of Exposures on Time‐To‐Event Outcomes

“…Finally, we have provided an illustration with real data. In this illustration, TMLE with machine learning produced a hazard ratio estimate suggesting less benefit from statin persistence than the traditional Cox model, which is more consistent with previous results of randomized controlled trials (OR for all‐cause mortality = 0.86 [95% CI: 0.79, 0.94], RR for cardiovascular disease = 0.75 [95% CI: 0.67, 0.80]) [66]. TMLE also allowed for the estimation of the counterfactual survival curve.…”

All-Cause Mortality Rate in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Implications for the Design and Execution of Clinical Trials

“…In a metaanalysis of 76 trials evaluating the effect of statins in 170,255 patients with a risk factor for a cardiovascular event, Mills and coworkers (15) reported a 10% reduction in all-cause mortality (relative risk, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.94). This finding was consistent with four other metaanalyses evaluating the effect of statins on cardiovascular events; relative risks for all-cause mortality in these studies ranged from 0.84 to 0.89 (16)(17)(18)(19). Additionally, in an analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials evaluating molecular-targeted therapies for stage IIIB-IV non-small cell lung cancer, Hotta and coworkers (20) identified 11 trials evaluating three currently approved agents for which overall survival was a primary or secondary endpoint.…”

Generic Statins in Cardiovascular Medicine

“…In the authors' conclusion caution should be taken in prescribing statins for primary prevention among people at low cardiovascular risk [13]. This was also in concordance with recently published articles [14,15].…”

Guidelines and Best Practices for the Use of Targeted Maximum Likelihood and Machine Learning When Estimating Causal Effects of Exposures on Time‐To‐Event Outcomes

“…Finally, we have provided an illustration with real data. In this illustration, TMLE with machine learning produced a hazard ratio estimate suggesting less benefit from statin persistence than the traditional Cox model, which is more consistent with previous results of randomized controlled trials (OR for all‐cause mortality = 0.86 [95% CI: 0.79, 0.94], RR for cardiovascular disease = 0.75 [95% CI: 0.67, 0.80]) [66]. TMLE also allowed for the estimation of the counterfactual survival curve.…”

All-Cause Mortality Rate in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Implications for the Design and Execution of Clinical Trials

“…In a metaanalysis of 76 trials evaluating the effect of statins in 170,255 patients with a risk factor for a cardiovascular event, Mills and coworkers (15) reported a 10% reduction in all-cause mortality (relative risk, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.94). This finding was consistent with four other metaanalyses evaluating the effect of statins on cardiovascular events; relative risks for all-cause mortality in these studies ranged from 0.84 to 0.89 (16)(17)(18)(19). Additionally, in an analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials evaluating molecular-targeted therapies for stage IIIB-IV non-small cell lung cancer, Hotta and coworkers (20) identified 11 trials evaluating three currently approved agents for which overall survival was a primary or secondary endpoint.…”

Generic Statins in Cardiovascular Medicine

“…In the authors' conclusion caution should be taken in prescribing statins for primary prevention among people at low cardiovascular risk [13]. This was also in concordance with recently published articles [14,15].…”

Guidelines and Best Practices for the Use of Targeted Maximum Likelihood and Machine Learning When Estimating Causal Effects of Exposures on Time‐To‐Event Outcomes

“…Finally, we have provided an illustration with real data. In this illustration, TMLE with machine learning produced a hazard ratio estimate suggesting less benefit from statin persistence than the traditional Cox model, which is more consistent with previous results of randomized controlled trials (OR for all‐cause mortality = 0.86 [95% CI: 0.79, 0.94], RR for cardiovascular disease = 0.75 [95% CI: 0.67, 0.80]) [66]. TMLE also allowed for the estimation of the counterfactual survival curve.…”

All-Cause Mortality Rate in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Implications for the Design and Execution of Clinical Trials

“…In a metaanalysis of 76 trials evaluating the effect of statins in 170,255 patients with a risk factor for a cardiovascular event, Mills and coworkers (15) reported a 10% reduction in all-cause mortality (relative risk, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.94). This finding was consistent with four other metaanalyses evaluating the effect of statins on cardiovascular events; relative risks for all-cause mortality in these studies ranged from 0.84 to 0.89 (16)(17)(18)(19). Additionally, in an analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials evaluating molecular-targeted therapies for stage IIIB-IV non-small cell lung cancer, Hotta and coworkers (20) identified 11 trials evaluating three currently approved agents for which overall survival was a primary or secondary endpoint.…”

Generic Statins in Cardiovascular Medicine

“…In the authors' conclusion caution should be taken in prescribing statins for primary prevention among people at low cardiovascular risk [13]. This was also in concordance with recently published articles [14,15].…”