Static Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM): A Systematic Review

Liu, Junshan; Azhar, Salman; Willkens, Danielle S.; Li, Botao

doi:10.3390/virtualworlds2020006

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Outliers and missing data are imputed statistically. Nowadays, this is done through specialised TLS software such as [20,21,29…”

Section: Data Cleaning and Re-samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mostly, equipment to record data in HBIM is through scanners and cameras. Some common errors that can occur from the TLS survey and photogrammetry are as follows [27,28,29,30]:…”

Section: Challenges and Limitations Of Tls And Photogrammetry For Hbimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…suggested in the works ofWang et al (2020) [21] andLiu (2020) [29] to separate the raw data into point cloud segments that are located on the same plane. They then provide a boundary detection technique that automatically determines the surface's size, position, and form and creates contour polygons for each recognised feature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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AI and Digital Twin Applications in 3D Information Models for Heritage Buildings: A Systematic Review

Battina¹,

Jaganathan²

2023

IJETMS

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The recent emergence of technology as digital tools has provided architects with possibilities for 3D modelling and simulation of built environments. Currently, the "digital twin" and Building Information Management (BIM) techniques enable analytical tools like connection analysis and energy performance modelling in tandem with the ideation of realistic 3D illustrations. These methods are now seen emerging in managing and documenting heritage structures. A Heritage Building Information Management (HBIM) platform is a multi-disciplinary process and a valuable tool to automate, manage, and document heritage structures. However, making the final product in an HBIM platform involves several laborious steps of processing, segmenting, and integrating raw data from different sources, such as laser-scanned point data and image data. Hence, an expedited, streamlined platform is necessary to facilitate conservation architects and other agencies involved in documenting, maintaining and interpreting heritage buildings and structures. Newer technologies like Artificial Intelligence can enhance previously unavailable opportunities to automate specific tasks and uncover paradigms through predictable simulations. For this, the researchers reviewed the literature on two fronts: i)Investigating process flow and identifying the issues and challenges in gathering digital data of the existing building effectively. ii)Reviewing the literature to understand the models and tech solutions that revolutionized building heritage building information models for practical use. This study unravels workflow patterns and challenges based on these two sections of this literature review. Further, this research explores and analyses the trends and techniques employed in a typical heritage Building Information Management (HBIM) platform. The focus is on AI's capabilities as a digital tool in different stages of documentation and interpretation, performance measurement and simulation of heritage buildings, such as energy performance modeling, 4D (3D+Time) for projects planning, cost solutions, and simulating the historical significance to propagate the importance of HBIM. This study referred to the progress in the scientific literature on HBIM after the initial studies of C. Dore, and M. Murphy (2009).

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“…Outliers and missing data are imputed statistically. Nowadays, this is done through specialised TLS software such as [20,21,29…”

Section: Data Cleaning and Re-samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mostly, equipment to record data in HBIM is through scanners and cameras. Some common errors that can occur from the TLS survey and photogrammetry are as follows [27,28,29,30]:…”

Section: Challenges and Limitations Of Tls And Photogrammetry For Hbimmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

AI and Digital Twin Applications in 3D Information Models for Heritage Buildings: A Systematic Review

Battina¹,

Jaganathan²

2023

IJETMS

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“…Presently, the acquisition and processing of 3D data have become key technologies [ 1 , 2 ]. These technologies play a crucial role in various fields, including innovative basic surveying and mapping [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], the creation of high-precision maps for autonomous driving [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], geological landslide monitoring [ 10 , 11 ], and the preservation of cultural heritage [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Point cloud data, as a primary form of 3D data, are highly favored for their ability to precisely depict the physical space’s shape and structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point Cloud Denoising and Feature Preservation: An Adaptive Kernel Approach Based on Local Density and Global Statistics

Wang,

Chen,

Song

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Noise removal is a critical stage in the preprocessing of point clouds, exerting a significant impact on subsequent processes such as point cloud classification, segmentation, feature extraction, and 3D reconstruction. The exploration of methods capable of adapting to and effectively handling the noise in point clouds from real-world outdoor scenes remains an open and practically significant issue. Addressing this issue, this study proposes an adaptive kernel approach based on local density and global statistics (AKA-LDGS). This method constructs the overall framework for point cloud denoising using Bayesian estimation theory. It dynamically sets the prior probabilities of real and noise points according to the spatial function relationship, which varies with the distance from the points to the center of the LiDAR. The probability density function (PDF) for real points is constructed using a multivariate Gaussian distribution, while the PDF for noise points is established using a data-driven, non-parametric adaptive kernel density estimation (KDE) approach. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can effectively remove noise from point clouds in real-world outdoor scenes while maintaining the overall structural features of the point cloud.

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“…Over the last few decades, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been a commonplace for the creation of reliable, digital 3D models for the design, documentation, conservation, and management of cultural heritage sites. In this framework, a large body of studies exists using BIMs for cultural heritage purposes combined with UAV photogrammetry, laser scanning, and 360-degree photography 28,29 . In fact, some researchers underline the importance of performing periodic laser scanning surveys in order to improve decision-making during the maintenance and reconstruction procedure of cultural heritage monuments 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of high quality 3D models of a monastery located in Western Greece

Kyriou,

Filippa,

Pappas

et al. 2023

Earth Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing/Gis Applications XIV

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The structural analysis of cultural heritage buildings, including their monitoring and maintenance, requires accurate 3D models of the structure, especially when these monuments are threatened (e.g., anthropogenic and natural disturbances). However, monuments such as castles and monasteries often lack such construction plans. Structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) techniques can provide a geometrically accurate and cost-efficient survey solution to derive such plans. The accuracy and spatial resolution of the derived 3D reconstructions depend on instrumentation and data processing procedures. Here, remote sensing data, acquired from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and TLS surveys, were combined to map and monitor an eighteenth-century monastery. The monastery, located close to the village of Skoutera in Western Greece, is within the area of an active landslide that has already impacted different building elements. Significant cracks have appeared on the ground floor and the walls of the building putting its structural integrity in question. A DJI Phantom four Pro UAV together with photogrammetry were used for the aerial surveys. Ground observations with a Leica P50 TLS were used to map the interior and the exterior of the monastery. The derived 3D point clouds from the TLS scans obtained at different time periods were processed with change detection methods for the precise mapping of the ongoing displacements in building’s elements and quantitative mapping of the cracks. Moreover, a Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach was used to generate a structural plan of the monastery that could facilitate the monitoring process and possible maintenance interventions in the future.

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Static Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM): A Systematic Review

Cited by 21 publications

References 88 publications

AI and Digital Twin Applications in 3D Information Models for Heritage Buildings: A Systematic Review

AI and Digital Twin Applications in 3D Information Models for Heritage Buildings: A Systematic Review

Point Cloud Denoising and Feature Preservation: An Adaptive Kernel Approach Based on Local Density and Global Statistics

Generation of high quality 3D models of a monastery located in Western Greece

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