State-of-the-art treatment processes for municipal solid waste incineration residues in Japan

Ecke, Holger; Sakanakura, Hirofumi; Matsuto, Toshihiko; Tanaka, Nobutoshi; Lagerkvist, Anders

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3070.2000.00097.x

Cited by 47 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Solidification with cement is the most common way of stabilizing hazardous materials because of its low cost. 6 However, the leaching of hazardous materials from solidified specimens may cause secondary pollution in the long term. 7 Vitrification is an expensive technology because of the high cost of the necessary equipment and high energy consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of Residues Obtained from the Treatment of Laboratory Waste. Part 1—Treatment Path of Metals in a Plasma Melting System

Kuo

Chang

et al. 2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The objective of this study is to investigate the treatment path of metals during the plasma vitrification of fly ash, bottom ash, sludge, and activated carbon collected from a laboratory waste treatment plant. Sampling, digestion, and analysis procedures that followed the standard methods of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration were used to determine the composition of the input and output materials. The microstructure was qualitatively examined using a scanning electron microscope. The results show that the vitrification process successfully vitrified the toxic input materials into a stable, glassy, amorphous slag. During vitrification, metals with low boiling points (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn) were vaporized into the flue gas. Metals with high boiling points and high specific weights went into the ingot, and the residual metals remained in the molten materials as the slag. The distribution of metals shows their behavior during vitrification and can provide a reference for vitrifying hazardous materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of Residues Obtained from the Treatment of Laboratory Waste. Part 1—Treatment Path of Metals in a Plasma Melting System

Kuo

Chang

et al. 2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Nevertheless, no such process has yet gained wide acceptance. 3,4 Elsewhere, [4][5][6] the carbonation of air pollution control (APC) residues from MSWI has been investigated and judged to be a promising stabilization method. APC residues are highly contaminated, but amount to only about 2%-3% w/w of the incinerator feedstock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors investigated were the L/S ratio, the leaching time, the leaching temperature, and the leaching pH (Table 2). To control the latter, the following titration solutions were used depending on the preset pH level: 2 M NaOH, 1 M NaOH, 2 M HNO 3 , 1 M HNO 3 , and 0.5 M HNO 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial carbonation for controlling the mobility of critical elements in bottom ash

Todorović

Svensson

Herrmann

et al. 2006

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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In municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), bottom ash, generated at a stoker grate type incinerator, the critical elements were identified in terms of EU regulation. The stabilizing effect of moderate carbonation (pH 8.28 ± 0.03) on critical contaminants was studied through availability and diffusion leaching protocols. Data from the performed tests were evaluated with the goal of reusing MSWI bottom ash as secondary construction material. To investigate the mobilizing effect of CO 2 , suspended MSWI bottom ash was severely carbonated (pH 6.40 ± 0.07). The effect of CO 2 and its interaction with other leaching factors, such as liquid/solid (L/S) ratio, leaching time, pH, ultrasound treatment, and leaching temperature, were examined using a reduced 2 6-1 experimental design. Contaminants identified as critical were Cr, Cu, Mo, Sb, Cl . The hypothesized mobilizing effect of severe carbonation was proven. The treatment enhanced the separation of critical components (α = 0.05) (except for Cl − ), i.e., about fivefold for Sb and about twofold for Cr, Cu, and S. Nevertheless, the prospect is good that severe carbonation could constitute the deciding key parameter to facilitate the technical feasibility of a future washing process for MSWI bottom ash.

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“…1 In addition to flue gas, MSW ashes (including fly ash and bottom ash) pose a big threat to the environment. 2 Direct landfilling of MSW ashes is no longer an appropriate strategy because of the dwindling number of final disposal sites and the risk of releasing organic toxics and heavy metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of SiO₂ on Immobilization of Metals and Encapsulation of a Glass Network in Slag

Kuo

Lin

Tsai

2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The final disposal of ash from an incinerator is of special concern because of the possibility of its releasing toxic substances. Melting/vitrification has been regarded as a prospective technology of ash treatment. The object of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of silica (SiO 2 ) addition on the immobilization of hazardous metals and the encapsulation of a glass network during the vitrification process. Four specimens with SiO 2 /fly ash mixing ratios of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively, were tested. The mobility of metals in slag was then estimated by a sequential extraction procedure. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that SiO 2 leads to the polymerization of silicates.The encapsulation of aluminum, calcium, and magnesium would not be observed unless adequate amount of SiO 2 was added. It was also found that SiO 2 addition enhances the formation of a compact and interconnected glass network structure and, thus, contributes to the chemical stability of metals in slag. After vitrification, the mobility of cadmium, copper, iron, chromium, nickel, lead, and zinc was significantly reduced. However, there is no significant correlation between the immobilization of these metals and the addition of SiO 2 . INTRODUCTIONIncineration, an important technology for the treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW), is used in many countries. 1 In addition to flue gas, MSW ashes (including fly ash and bottom ash) pose a big threat to the environment. 2 Direct landfilling of MSW ashes is no longer an appropriate strategy because of the dwindling number of final disposal sites and the risk of releasing organic toxics and heavy metals. Melting/vitrification has been developed as a proper technology in the further stabilization of ashes, radioactive waste, or sewage sludge. [3][4][5] This technology not only reduces the volume of waste and the mobility of metals but also destroys toxic substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or dioxins. 6 -9 The leaching of hazardous metals has been controlled by stringent regulations. 10 However, a leaching test does not preclude potential long-term pollution. On the other hand, the behavior of the main constituents in a glass network might serve as an indicator for prolonged structure deterioration in slag. During vitrification, the chemical composition of the ternary system (silica [SiO 2 ]-alumina [Al 2 O 3 ]-lime [CaO]) is a major factor controlling the formation of the slag structure. 3,11 Among these constitutes, SiO 2 is of the greatest importance for the main constituents in a glass network when fly ash is vitrified. 12 Therefore, this study focused on the effect of SiO 2 addition on vitrification.In this investigation, the mobility of anthropogenic metals was evaluated by a sequential extraction procedure. Similar methods have been applied to estimate the phase distributions in our previous work and other reports. 8,13 When the slag is recycled, its properties deserve more investigation to insure environmental safety. In previous studies, the ...

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State-of-the-art treatment processes for municipal solid waste incineration residues in Japan

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Stabilization of Residues Obtained from the Treatment of Laboratory Waste. Part 1—Treatment Path of Metals in a Plasma Melting System

Stabilization of Residues Obtained from the Treatment of Laboratory Waste. Part 1—Treatment Path of Metals in a Plasma Melting System

Artificial carbonation for controlling the mobility of critical elements in bottom ash

Effect of SiO₂ on Immobilization of Metals and Encapsulation of a Glass Network in Slag

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State-of-the-art treatment processes for municipal solid waste incineration residues in Japan

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Stabilization of Residues Obtained from the Treatment of Laboratory Waste. Part 1—Treatment Path of Metals in a Plasma Melting System

Stabilization of Residues Obtained from the Treatment of Laboratory Waste. Part 1—Treatment Path of Metals in a Plasma Melting System

Artificial carbonation for controlling the mobility of critical elements in bottom ash

Effect of SiO2 on Immobilization of Metals and Encapsulation of a Glass Network in Slag

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Effect of SiO₂ on Immobilization of Metals and Encapsulation of a Glass Network in Slag