State of the art recent progress in two dimensional MXenes based gas sensors and biosensors: A comprehensive review

Deshmukh, Kalim; Kovařík, Tomáš; Pasha, S. K. Khadheer

doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213514

Cited by 202 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 348 publications

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“…Thus, in general, the superior sensing properties of MXenes are attributed to the numerous surface functional groups, which form strong bonds with analyte gases, and their metallic conductivity, which allows fast electron transfer and mobility [ 48 ]. For instance, the selectivity of a sensor based on MXene structures depends strongly on several factors, including the interaction between surface and gas molecules; MXene compositions and charge states; MXene flakes orientation [ 50 ]. Moreover, the controllable surface terminations provide great prospects for the modification of MXene’s structures, resulting in the improvement of their properties and sensing performance [ 6 ].…”

Section: Two-dimensional Materials For Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MXene Heterostructures as Perspective Materials for Gas Sensing Applications

Nahirniak

Saruhan

2022

Sensors

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This paper provides a summary of the recent developments with promising 2D MXene-related materials and gives an outlook for further research on gas sensor applications. The current synthesis routes that are provided in the literature are summarized, and the main properties of MXene compounds have been highlighted. Particular attention has been paid to safe and non-hazardous synthesis approaches for MXene production as 2D materials. The work so far on sensing properties of pure MXenes and MXene-based heterostructures has been considered. Significant improvement of the MXenes sensing performances not only relies on 2D production but also on the formation of MXene heterostructures with other 2D materials, such as graphene, and with metal oxides layers. Despite the limited number of research papers published in this area, recommendations on new strategies to advance MXene heterostructures and composites for gas sensing applications can be driven.

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Section: Two-dimensional Materials For Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MXene Heterostructures as Perspective Materials for Gas Sensing Applications

Nahirniak

Saruhan

2022

Sensors

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“…Among the family of 2D nanomaterials, MXenes are the latest and largest reported class of materials possessing high metallic conductivity, hydrophilicity, and high biocompatibility, which makes them interesting candidates for the design of electrochemical biosensors [ 22 ]. MXenes ( Figure 3 ) are formed by the selective etching of ‘A’ layers from their corresponding MAX phases (i.e., M n+1 AX n=1;2;3. , where M represents an early transition metal (Sc, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Nb, Hf, Ta, Mo), A is usually an element from group 12 to 16 of the periodic table (Cd, Al, Si, P, S, Ga, Ge, As, In, Sn, Tl, Pb), and X is either carbon (C), nitrogen ( N ), or both) [ 36 ]. MAX phases are different from graphite and other layered materials where the layers are held together by weak van der Waals forces, while a typical MAX phase is composed of a strong M-X bond that possesses a mixed metallic–covalent character and a relatively weaker M-A bond.…”

Section: 2d Nanostructures: Synthesis Properties and Integration In Biosensing Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the difference in the chemical bonding of M-A and M-X elements, these layers reacted differently toward HF, hence resulted in the selective etching of the A layer out of the MAX phase [ 37 , 38 ]. Initially, this procedure was applied for the synthesis of Ti 3 C 2 from the parent MAX Ti 3 AlC 2 [ 39 ], but later, various other types of MXenes have also been synthesized using HF [ 36 , 39 , 40 ]. The reaction parameters such as the concentration of HF and reaction time depend on the type of MAX phase used.…”

Section: 2d Nanostructures: Synthesis Properties and Integration In Biosensing Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Nanostructures for Electrochemical Biosensor

Khan

Radoi

Rashid

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Current advancements in the development of functional nanomaterials and precisely designed nanostructures have created new opportunities for the fabrication of practical biosensors for field analysis. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nanomaterials provide unique hierarchical structures, high surface area, and layered configurations with multiple length scales and porosity, and the possibility to create functionalities for targeted recognition at their surface. Such hierarchical structures offer prospects to tune the characteristics of materials—e.g., the electronic properties, performance, and mechanical flexibility—and they provide additional functions such as structural color, organized morphological features, and the ability to recognize and respond to external stimuli. Combining these unique features of the different types of nanostructures and using them as support for bimolecular assemblies can provide biosensing platforms with targeted recognition and transduction properties, and increased robustness, sensitivity, and selectivity for detection of a variety of analytes that can positively impact many fields. Herein, we first provide an overview of the recently developed 2D nanostructures focusing on the characteristics that are most relevant for the design of practical biosensors. Then, we discuss the integration of these materials with bio-elements such as bacteriophages, antibodies, nucleic acids, enzymes, and proteins, and we provide examples of applications in the environmental, food, and clinical fields. We conclude with a discussion of the manufacturing challenges of these devices and opportunities for the future development and exploration of these nanomaterials to design field-deployable biosensors.

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“…MXenes, which are known as two-dimensional materials, have attracted extensive attention due to their similar structure and analogous performances to graphene. The versatile chemical structure, compositions, and tunable surface functionalization of MXenes facilitate the diverse applications of MXene, such as in solar cells [42], electronic devices [43], catalysts [44,45], gas sensors or biosensors [46,47], and cancer therapy [48]. MXenes have nanosheet-like structure, unique surface chemistry, high conductive properties, and excellent biocompatibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface plasmon resonance aptasensor based on niobium carbide MXene quantum dots for nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 detection

et al. 2021

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A novel label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) aptasensor has been constructed for the detection of N-gene of SARS-CoV-2 by using thiol-modified niobium carbide MXene quantum dots (Nb 2 C-SH QDs) as the bioplatform for anchoring N-genetargeted aptamer. In the presence of SARS-CoV-2 N-gene, the immobilized aptamer strands changed their conformation to specifically bind with N-gene. It thus increased the contact area or enlarged the distance between aptamer and the SPR chip, resulting in a change of the SPR signal irradiated by the laser (He-Ne) with the wavelength (λ) of 633 nm. Nb 2 C QDs were derived from Nb 2 C MXene nanosheets via a solvothermal method, followed by functionalization with octadecanethiol through a self-assembling method. Subsequently, the gold chip for SPR measurements was modified with Nb 2 C-SH QDs via covalent binding of the Au-S bond also by self-assembling interaction. Nb 2 C-SH QDs not only resulted in high bioaffinity toward aptamer but also enhanced the SPR response. Thus, the Nb 2 C-SH QD-based SPR aptasensor had low limit of detection (LOD) of 4.9 pg mL −1 toward N-gene within the concentration range 0.05 to 100 ng mL −1 . The sensor also showed excellent selectivity in the presence of various respiratory viruses and proteins in human serum and high stability. Moreover, the Nb 2 C-SH QD-based SPR aptasensor displayed a vast practical application for the qualitative analysis of N-gene from different samples, including seawater, seafood, and human serum. Thus, this work can provide a deep insight into the construction of the aptasensor for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in complex environments.

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State of the art recent progress in two dimensional MXenes based gas sensors and biosensors: A comprehensive review

Cited by 202 publications

References 348 publications

MXene Heterostructures as Perspective Materials for Gas Sensing Applications

MXene Heterostructures as Perspective Materials for Gas Sensing Applications

Two-Dimensional Nanostructures for Electrochemical Biosensor

Surface plasmon resonance aptasensor based on niobium carbide MXene quantum dots for nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 detection

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