Staphylococcus aureus in Substrates for Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) and Its Dynamics during Rearing

Gorrens, E.; Looveren, Noor Van; Moll, Laurence Van; Vandeweyer, D.; Lachi, D.; Smet, Jeroen De; Campenhout, Leen Van

doi:10.1128/spectrum.02183-21

Cited by 19 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…To improve connectivity and specialization, the ideal and minimal transport conditions for insect eggs are studied. Finally, new opportunities are sought to expand the commercialization of insect rearing by-products [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Project Contribution Beyond the State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include plant toxins in BSF and MW, and the pathogens Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus s.l., and Clostridium perfringens in BSF and/or MW. The first studies on the transmission of pathogens to larvae of edible insects from the substrate have recently been published [22,51,52] and additional studies are currently ongoing. The capacity of insects to metabolize mycotoxin is also being studied in greater depth [53], covering several mycotoxins in BSF and MW.…”

Section: Control Insect Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overcoming Technical and Market Barriers to Enable Sustainable Large-Scale Production and Consumption of Insect Proteins in Europe: A SUSINCHAIN Perspective

Veldkamp

Meijer

Alleweldt

et al. 2022

Insects

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The expected global population growth to 9.7 billion people in 2050 and the significant change in global dietary patterns require an increase in global food production by about 60%. The protein supply for feed and food is most critical and requires an extension in protein sources. Edible insects can upgrade low-grade side streams of food production into high-quality protein, amino acids and vitamins in a very efficient way. Insects are considered to be the “missing link” in the food chain of a circular and sustainable economy. Insects and insect-derived products have entered the European market since first being acknowledged as a valuable protein source for feed and food production in around 2010. However, today, scaling up the insect value chain in Europe is progressing at a relatively slow pace. The mission of SUSINCHAIN (SUStainable INsect CHAIN)—a four-year project which has received funding from the European Commission—is to contribute to novel protein provision for feed and food in Europe by overcoming the remaining barriers for increasing the economic viability of the insect value chain and opening markets by combining forces in a comprehensive multi-actor consortium. The overall project objective is to test, pilot and demonstrate recently developed technologies, products and processes, to realize a shift up to Technology Readiness Level 6 or higher. In addition to these crucial activities, the project engages with stakeholders in the insect protein supply chain for feed and food by living labs and workshops. These actions provide the necessary knowledge and data for actors in the insect value chain to decrease the cost price of insect products, process insects more efficiently and market insect protein applications in animal feed and regular human diets that are safe and sustainable. This paves the way for further upscaling and commercialization of the European insect sector.

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Section: Project Contribution Beyond the State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Control Insect Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming Technical and Market Barriers to Enable Sustainable Large-Scale Production and Consumption of Insect Proteins in Europe: A SUSINCHAIN Perspective

Veldkamp

Meijer

Alleweldt

et al. 2022

Insects

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“…The high relative abundance of Basidiomycota in BR compared to CC can almost exclusively be attributed to members of the most abundant genus Trichosporon , which has been identified previously in BSFL guts ( Tanga et al, 2021 ) and as the dominant basidiomycetous genus in substrates exposed to BSFL ( Bernard et al, 2020 ). Indeed, BSFL were suggested to associate with the genus to suppress pathogenic bacteria in the rearing environment of the larvae ( Gorrens et al, 2021 ). Trichosporon has been reported to degrade aromatic compounds such as phenols ( Middelhoven, 1993 ; DeRito and Madsen, 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residues from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae rearing influence the plant-associated soil microbiome in the short term

et al. 2022

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The larvae of the black soldier fly (BSFL, Hermetia illucens) efficiently close resource cycles. Next to the nutrient-rich insect biomass used as animal feed, the residues from the process are promising plant fertilizers. Besides a high nutrient content, the residues contain a diverse microbial community and application to soil can potentially promote soil fertility and agricultural production through the introduction of beneficial microbes. This research assessed the application of the residues on plant-associated bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of a grass-clover mix in a 42-day greenhouse pot study. Potted soil was amended with BSFL residues (BR+) or conventional compost (CC+) produced by Rwandan waste management companies in parallel to residues and compost sterilized (BR-, CC-) by high-energy electron beam (HEEB) as abiotic controls. The fertilizers were applied at a rate of 150 kg N ha−1. Soil bacterial and fungal communities in both fertilizer and soil were assessed by high-throughput sequencing of ribosomal markers at different times after fertilizer application. Additionally, indicators for soil fertility such as basal respiration, plant yield and soil physicochemical properties were analyzed. Results showed that the application of BSFL residues influenced the soil microbial communities, and especially fungi, stronger than CC fertilizers. These effects on the microbial community structure could partly be attributed to a potential introduction of microbes to the soil by BSFL residues (e.g., members of genus Bacillus) since untreated and sterilized BSFL residues promoted different microbial communities. With respect to the abiotic effects, we emphasize a potential driving role of particular classes of organic matter like fiber and chitin. Indeed, especially taxa associated with decomposition of organic matter (e.g., members of the fungal genus Mortierella) were promoted by the application of BSFL residues. Soil fertility with respect to plant yield (+17% increase compared to unamended control) and basal respiration (+16% increase compared to unamended control) tended to be improved with the addition of BSFL residues. Findings underline the versatile opportunities for soil fertility arising from the application of BSFL residues in plant production and point to further research on quantification of the described effects.

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“…Previous research has shown a reduction in the populations of several strains of S. aureus over time in organic substrates inhabited by BSFL ( 6 , 13 ). However, to the best of our knowledge, no information is currently available on this topic regarding MRSA, despite its importance to public health ( 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…( 10 , 12 ). Evidence indicating BSFL suppression of Gram-positive species at the in vivo level is an emerging topic ( 10 , 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Reduction of Other Bacteria by Black Soldier Fly Larvae Reared on Potato Substrate

et al. 2022

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Larvae of black soldier flies, Hermetia illucens , may be used to provide an environmentally sustainable and economically viable method for biological conversion of animal and plant wastes into ingredients of animal feeds on an industrial scale. However, contamination of harvested larvae by pathogenic microorganisms inhabiting decaying substrates may be a serious problem for wide-scale adoption of this technology.

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Staphylococcus aureus in Substrates for Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) and Its Dynamics during Rearing

Cited by 19 publications

References 89 publications

Overcoming Technical and Market Barriers to Enable Sustainable Large-Scale Production and Consumption of Insect Proteins in Europe: A SUSINCHAIN Perspective

Overcoming Technical and Market Barriers to Enable Sustainable Large-Scale Production and Consumption of Insect Proteins in Europe: A SUSINCHAIN Perspective

Residues from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae rearing influence the plant-associated soil microbiome in the short term

Suppression of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Reduction of Other Bacteria by Black Soldier Fly Larvae Reared on Potato Substrate

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