Standardization of digitized heritage: a review of implementations of 3D in cultural heritage

Abstract

The value of three-dimensional virtual objects are proven in a great variety of applications; their flexibility allowing for a substantial amount of utilization purposes. In cultural heritage this has been used for many years already, and the amount of users continue to grow as acquisition methods and implementations are becoming more approachable. Nonetheless, there are still many apparent issues with making use of all the possible benefits of 3D data in the field, varying from lack of knowledge, infrastructure, or coherent workflows. This review aims to underline the current limitations in implementing 3D workflows for various cultural heritage purposes. 45 projects and institutions are reviewed, along with the most prominent guidelines for workflows and ways of implementing the 3D data on the web. We also cover how each project manage and make their data accessible to the public. Prominent and recurring issues with standardization, interoperability, and implementation is highlighted and scrutinized. The review is concluded with a discussion on the current utilization’s of 3D data for cultural heritage purposes, along with suggestions for future developments.

A Digital 4D Information System on the World Scale: Research Challenges, Approaches, and Preliminary Results

“…In addition, due to the high level of effort, reconstruction is primarily used only for single objects. Despite various large-scale projects on 3D modelling in cultural heritage (recent overview: [89]), which primarily focused on 3D digitization from contemporary survey data [90][91][92][93], 3D/4D reconstruction from historical imagery still faces challenges. The main currently unsolved challenges in computer visualization based on photographs and vedutas are (1) identifying matching historical images from the multitude of digitized documents available and (2) calculating 4D information as a prerequisite for automated model generation [6,94].…”