Standard potential of the reaction: , and and the standard acidity constant of the ion HSO4− in synthetic sea water from 273.15 to 318.15 K

Dickson, Andrew G.

doi:10.1016/0021-9614(90)90074-z

Cited by 1,340 publications

(741 citation statements)

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“…Buffers were solutions prepared in synthetic seawater as described by Hansson (1973). Fluorosensor response was compared with microcombination glass pH electrodes with Ag/AgCl reference (Microelectrodes), also calibrated according to the ionic medium standard state (Dyrssen and Sillén 1967;Hansson 1973;Dickson 1990). During standardization, the sensor foil was attached to one side of a specially designed glass aquarium (20 ϫ 8 ϫ 8 cm) containing ordinary seawater (salinity 32; alkalinity 2250 M) of different pH values simultaneously monitored with the electrode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activity of hydrogen ions (pH) is a master geochemical parameter reflecting the thermodynamic state of acidbase processes and overall balances between multiple reaction and transport processes within natural environments (e.g., Sørensen and Palitzsch 1910;Takahashi et al 1970;Dickson 1993). Surficial marine sediments, in particular, are characterized by complex heterogeneity and steep gradients in reaction rates, concentration distributions, and mass transport efficiency (Revsbech et al 1980;Reimers et al 1986;Revsbech 1989;Glud et al 1996;Aller et al 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although pH electrodes are ideal for many applications, they are limited in resolving spatial patterns, are subject to matrix-related standardization uncertainties (e.g., liquid junction potential and solution interferences-poisoning), may suffer from electrical interferences and physical damage, and are in some formats relatively expensive (Sillén 1967;Revsbech 1989;Wolfbeis 1991). Spectrophotometric pH measurements offer an alternative to potentiometric techniques (Byrne and Breland 1989;Dickson 1993;Lakowicz 1999), and optical sen-sors are in principle well-suited for resolving both micro and macro spatial distributions in sedimentary environments. Optical sensors are usually simpler and less expensive to construct than electrodes, can be used in remote detection schemes, and normally have superior long-term stability (Wolfbeis 1991;Klimant et al 1995;Lakowicz 1999;Ström-berg and Hulth 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A pH plate fluorosensor (optode) for early diagenetic studies of marine sediments

Hulth

Aller

Engström

et al. 2002

Limnology & Oceanography

105

102

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Pore water pH distributions are closely coupled to early diagenetic reactions and transport processes in surficial sediments. In this study, an optical plate fluorosensor for rapid two-dimensional detection of H ϩ concentration patterns in sediment pore waters was developed. The dual excitation (405/450 nm) single emission (520 nm) pH fluorophore HPTS (8-hydroxypyrene 1, 3, 6, trisulfonic acid trisodium salt) was immobilized onto transparent, supporting sensor foils. Excitation/emission spectra of immobilized HPTS exhibited pH dependent shifts in seawater standards, and fluorescence excitation ratios were used for two-wavelength, ratiometric detection of pH distributions in sediment and bottom water close to the sediment-water interface (pH ഠ 6.5 to 8.5). Sensor foils were fixed to the inner sides of plastic box corers or glass plate aquaria containing sediment and overlying seawater. Equilibration with pore water occurred in seconds, and fluorescence response (excitation/emission) was scanned nondestructively using a monochrome, integrating CCD camera. The two-dimensional sensor system has a vertical and horizontal resolution of 56 ϫ 54 m (5 ϫ 5 pixels) applied over an image of 34 ϫ 26 mm. Reproducibility and accuracy were best when foils were prepared from solutions of similar ionic strength to samples. Optical sensor pH distributions correlated well with high-resolution, vertical distributions measured simultaneously with a minicombination pH electrode, and two-dimensional pH patterns demonstrated directly the transport-reaction heterogeneity associated with microtopography and biogenic structures in surface deposits and overlying waters close to the sediment-water interface. Sensor foils retained calibration characteristics for at least 50 d.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A pH plate fluorosensor (optode) for early diagenetic studies of marine sediments

Hulth

Aller

Engström

et al. 2002

Limnology & Oceanography

105

102

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“…Seawater carbonate chemistry parameters (Table 1) were estimated according to the known values of pH and TA levels using the software CO2SYS [26]. For CO2SYS settings, seawater pH constants used the NIST scale from Millero et al [27], and the KSO 4 À constant was set from Dickson et al [28] and refitted by Lewis and Wallace [26]. The information of the relevant water chemistry parameters is summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Animals and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ocean acidification on immune responses of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Wang

Cao

Ning

et al. 2016

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

131

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a b s t r a c tOcean acidification (OA), caused by anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, has been proposed as one of the greatest threats in marine ecosystems. A growing body of evidence shows that ocean acidification can impact development, survival, growth and physiology of marine calcifiers. In this study, the immune responses of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were investigated after elevated pCO 2 exposure for 28 days. The results demonstrated that OA caused an increase of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in hemocytes. Moreover, elevated pCO 2 had an inhibitory effect on some antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased the GSH level in digestive gland. However, the mRNA expression pattern of several immune related genes varied depending on the exposure time and tissues. After exposure to pCO 2 at~2000 ppm for 28 days, the mRNA expressions of almost all tested genes were significantly suppressed in gills and stimulated in hemocytes. Above all, our study demonstrated that elevated pCO 2 have a significant impact on the immune systems of the Pacific oyster, which may constitute as a potential threat to increased susceptibility of bivalves to diseases.

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“…The dissociation constants of carbonic acid of Mehrbach et al 133 (1973), as refitted by Dickson and Millero (1987), were used for calculations. Dissociation 134 constants for KHSO 4 were taken from Dickson (1990 Turner Designs), using an acidification step (1M HCl) to determine phaeopigments (Knap et 159 al., 1996). 160 and dark-acclimated measurements, respectively) were estimated from iterative algorithms for 174 induction (Kolber et al, 1998) and relaxation phase (Oxborough, 2012) after 15 min of dark 175 acclimation, which was sufficient to achieve a dark-acclimated state (data not shown).…”

Section: Introduction 28mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arctic picoeukaryote <i>Micromonas</i> pusilla benefits synergistically from warming and ocean acidification

Hoppe¹,

Flintrop²,

Rost³

2018

Preprint

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15In the Arctic Ocean, climate change effects such as warming and ocean acidification (OA) are 16 manifesting faster than in other regions. Yet, we are lacking a mechanistic understanding of the 17 interactive effects of these drivers on Arctic primary producers. In the current study, one of the 18 most abundant species of the Arctic Ocean, the prasinophyte Micromonas pusilla, was exposed 19 to a range of different pCO 2 levels at two temperatures representing realistic scenarios for 20 current and future conditions. We observed that warming and OA synergistically increased 21 growth rates at intermediate to high pCO 2 levels. Furthermore, elevated temperatures shifted 22 the pCO 2 -optimum of biomass production to higher levels. Based on changes in cellular 23 composition and photophysiology, we hypothesise that the observed synergies can be explained 24 by beneficial effects of warming on carbon fixation in combination with facilitated carbon 25 acquisition under OA. Our findings help to understand the higher abundances of picoeukaryotes 26 such as M. pusilla under OA, as has been observed in many mesocosm studies. 27Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi

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Standard potential of the reaction: , and and the standard acidity constant of the ion HSO4− in synthetic sea water from 273.15 to 318.15 K

Cited by 1,340 publications

References 20 publications

A pH plate fluorosensor (optode) for early diagenetic studies of marine sediments

A pH plate fluorosensor (optode) for early diagenetic studies of marine sediments

Effects of ocean acidification on immune responses of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

The Arctic picoeukaryote <i>Micromonas</i> pusilla benefits synergistically from warming and ocean acidification

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Standard potential of the reaction: , and and the standard acidity constant of the ion HSO4− in synthetic sea water from 273.15 to 318.15 K

Cited by 1,340 publications

References 20 publications

A pH plate fluorosensor (optode) for early diagenetic studies of marine sediments

A pH plate fluorosensor (optode) for early diagenetic studies of marine sediments

Effects of ocean acidification on immune responses of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

The Arctic picoeukaryote &lt;i&gt;Micromonas&lt;/i&gt; pusilla benefits synergistically from warming and ocean acidification

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The Arctic picoeukaryote <i>Micromonas</i> pusilla benefits synergistically from warming and ocean acidification