Standard operating procedure to prepare agar phantoms

Santos, T Q; Oliveira, Débora Paulino; Souza, R. M.; Alvarenga, André Victor; Costa-Félix, Rodrigo Pereira Barretto da

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/733/1/012044

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…There was no notable change in refrigerated samples following two to three weeks of production in contrast to the slight desiccation observed in the unrefrigerated samples after a week. However, with the addition of antifungal agents, agar phantom can maintain stable optical properties for periods over two years [29]. Moreover, to assess the repeatability of the fabrication process, the measurement of the optical properties was performed for phantoms reproduced using our proposed method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost fabrication of optical tissue phantoms for use in biomedical imaging

Ntombela

Adeleye

Chetty

2020

Heliyon

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The rapid development of new optical imaging techniques is dependent on the availability of low-cost and easily reproducible standards for technique validation. This work describes a low-cost fabrication process of an agar gelbased phantom that may accurately simulate the optical properties of different human tissues at 532 and 630nm wavelengths. It was designed to match the optical properties of the brain, bladder wall, and lung tissues. These low-cost phantoms use agar powders dissolved in water as the bulk matrix. The latter is loaded with varying amounts of India ink, and aluminium oxide Al 2 O 3 particles for optical absorption and scattering targets. The optical properties (absorption and scattering coefficients), the primary design factor and critical parameters of these phantoms were deduced from measurements of the total attenuation coefficients ðμ t Þ.It is anticipated that the constructed tissue phantoms have the potential to be used as a reference standard since it's possible to preserve the optical properties in a period exceeding two years, under ideal storage conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost fabrication of optical tissue phantoms for use in biomedical imaging

Ntombela

Adeleye

Chetty

2020

Heliyon

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“…The hair thickness varies between 56 and 99 μm. Imaging of the suspended samples was done in three variations: in air (with OCT only), in deionized water and in agar phantom, which is often used as tissue‐mimicking phantoms for ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging [35–37].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal system for optical biopsy of melanoma with integrated ultrasound, optical coherence tomography and Raman spectroscopy

Kukk

Gaffal

et al. 2022

Journal of Biophotonics

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We introduce a new single‐head multimodal optical system that integrates optical coherence tomography (OCT), 18 MHz ultrasound (US) tomography and Raman spectroscopy (RS), allowing for fast (<2 min) and noninvasive skin cancer diagnostics and lesion depth measurement. The OCT can deliver structural and depth information of smaller skin lesions (<1 mm), while the US allows to measure the penetration depth of thicker lesions (≥4 mm), and the RS analyzes the chemical composition from a small chosen spot (≤300 μm) that can be used to distinguish between benign and malignant melanoma. The RS and OCT utilize the same scanning and optical setup, allowing for co‐localized measurements. The US on the other side is integrated with an acoustical reflector, which enables B‐mode measurements on the same position as OCT and RS. The US B‐mode scans can be translated across the sample by laterally moving the US transducer, which is made possible by the developed adapter with a flexible membrane. We present the results on custom‐made liquid and agar phantoms that show the resolution and depth capabilities of the setup, as well as preliminary ex vivo measurements on mouse models with ∼4.3 mm thick melanoma.

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“…Agarose phantoms mimic soft tissues and some preparation techniques are described in refs. [54][55][56]. Briefly, 100 mL DI water was heated at 300 °C and then 1.50 g of agarose was slowly added and gently mixed forming a homogeneous solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Tracking of Magnetically Driven Micromotors: From In Vitro to In Vivo

Aziz

Holthof

Meyer

et al. 2021

Adv Healthcare Materials

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The fast evolution of medical micro-and nanorobots in the endeavor to perform non-invasive medical operations in living organisms has boosted the use of diverse medical imaging techniques in the last years. Among those techniques, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), considered a functional technique, has shown to be promising for the visualization of micromotors in deep tissue with high spatiotemporal resolution as it possesses the molecular specificity of optical methods and the penetration depth of ultrasound. However, the precise maneuvering and function's control of medical micromotors, in particular in living organisms, require both anatomical and functional imaging feedback. Therefore, herein, the use of high-frequency ultrasound and PAI is reported to obtain anatomical and molecular information, respectively, of magnetically-driven micromotors in vitro and under ex vivo tissues. Furthermore, the steerability of the micromotors is demonstrated by the action of an external magnetic field into the uterus and bladder of living mice in real-time, being able to discriminate the micromotors' signal from one of the endogenous chromophores by multispectral analysis. Finally, the successful loading and release of a model cargo by the micromotors toward non-invasive in vivo medical interventions is demonstrated.

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Standard operating procedure to prepare agar phantoms

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

Low-cost fabrication of optical tissue phantoms for use in biomedical imaging

Low-cost fabrication of optical tissue phantoms for use in biomedical imaging

Multimodal system for optical biopsy of melanoma with integrated ultrasound, optical coherence tomography and Raman spectroscopy

Dual Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Tracking of Magnetically Driven Micromotors: From In Vitro to In Vivo

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