Standard immunostains for melanoma in sentinel lymph node specimens: which ones are most useful?

Karimipour, Darius J.; Lowe, Lori; Su, Lyndon D.; Hamilton, Ted A.; Sondak, Vernon K.; Johnson, Timothy M.; Fullen, Douglas R.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2003.07.016

Cited by 58 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…H&E-negative nodes were further stained with a battery of immunohistochemistry stains, most often consisting of S-100, Melan-A, and HMB-45, as previously described. 24 Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was not used to evaluate any SLNs.…”

Section: Sln Biopsy Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Mitotic Rate and Younger Age Are Predictors of Sentinel Lymph Node Positivity: Lessons Learned From the Generation of a Probabilistic Model

et al. 2004

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Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy allows surgeons to identify patients with subclinical nodal involvement who may benefit from lymphadenectomy and, possibly, adjuvant therapy. Several factors have been variably, and sometimes discordantly, reported to have predictive value for SLN metastasis to best select which patients require SLN biopsy.Methods: We reviewed 419 patients who underwent SLN biopsy for melanoma from a prospectively collected melanoma database. To derive a probabilistic model for the occurrence of a positive SLN, a multivariate logistic model was fit by using a stepwise variable selection method. The accuracy of each model was evaluated by using receiver operator characteristic curves.Results: On univariate analysis, the number of mitoses per square millimeter, increasing Breslow depth, decreasing age, ulceration, and melanoma on the trunk showed a significant relationship to a positive SLN. Multivariate analysis revealed that once age, mitotic rate, and Breslow thickness were included, no other factor, including ulceration, was significantly associated with a positive SLN. The data suggest that younger patients with tumors Ͻ1 mm may still have a substantial risk for a positive SLN, especially if the mitotic rate is high.Conclusions: In addition to Breslow depth, mitoses per square millimeter and younger age were factors identified as independent predictors of a positive SLN. This model may identify patients with thin melanoma at sufficient risk for metastases to justify SLN biopsy.

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Section: Sln Biopsy Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Mitotic Rate and Younger Age Are Predictors of Sentinel Lymph Node Positivity: Lessons Learned From the Generation of a Probabilistic Model

et al. 2004

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“…However, unlike HMB-45 and MART-1, S-100p has the lowest specificity, and MART-1 is more specific than S-100p and HMB-45 as an IHC biomarker for detection of nodal micrometastases (10,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its high expression in >80% of primary and metastatic melanoma lesions, with limited interlesional and intralesional heterogeneity, and its restricted distribution in normal tissues, the HMW-MAA has been successfully used as a marker to visualize melanoma lesions with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and as a target of immunotherapy (9). In this study, we focused on MART-1 for rigorous comparison because the sensitivity/specificity of MART-1 -specific mAbs equal or exceeds those of HMB-45 -specific mAbs for detection of micrometastatic melanoma in regional lymph nodes (10,11). Comparison of HMW-MAA IHC to S-100p and HMB-45 was also carried out in SLNs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human High Molecular Weight–Melanoma-Associated Antigen: Utility for Detection of Metastatic Melanoma in Sentinel Lymph Nodes

Goto

Ferrone

Arigami

et al. 2008

Clinical Cancer Research

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Purpose: Detection of micrometastasis in melanoma-draining lymph nodes is important for staging and prognosis. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) using S-100p-HMB-45^, and MART-1^specfic antibodies is used for detecting metastases in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN). However, improvement in IHC is needed for melanoma micrometastasis detection. Experimental Design: Paraffin-embedded archival tissue (PEAT) specimens were obtained from 42 non-SLN macrometastases, 42 SLN metastases, and 16 tumor-negative SLNs of 100 melanoma patients who underwent SLN biopsy. PEAT specimens were assessed by IHC with high molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA)^specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and with S-100p-, HMB-45^, and MART-1^specific antibodies. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR assay was used for HMW-MAA and MART-1 mRNA detection. Results: Expression frequency and immunostaining intensity were higher for HMW-MAA than MART-1in nodal macrometastases (P < 0.0001and P < 0.0001, respectively) and micrometastases (P < 0.0001and P = 0.004, respectively). All 52 (100%) macrometastases were positive with HMW-MAA^specific mAbs, whereas 43 (83%) were positive with MART-1^specific mAbs. In a comparison analysis, 23 of 23 (100%) micrometastases were HMW-MAA^positive, whereas 21 (91%) and 18 (78%) specimens were S-100p^and HMB-45^positive, respectively. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis of 48 nodal metastases showed HMW-MAA mRNA detection in SLNs with metastases. Conclusions: HMW-MAA is more sensitive and specific than MART-1, S-100p, and HMB-45 for IHC-based detection of SLN micrometastases. SLN PEAT^based detection specificity of melanoma micrometastases can be improved by IHC with HMW-MAA^specific mAbs.

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“…Pathologic evaluation of SLNs using immunohistochemistry has improved diagnostic accuracy, yet there is no universally accepted standard protocol for pathologic processing of SLNs. For example, Karimipour and co-workers [39] evaluated the sensitivity and efficacy of S-100, HMB-45, and Melan-A stains for SLN biopsy. In this work, 99 orIgInAl ArtIcles And reVIews positive SLNs from 72 patients were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of microscopic metastatic melanoma on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), S-100, HMB-45, and Melan-A stained sections and sensitivities of each immunohistochemical stain were determined.…”

Section: Melanoma Metastasis To Sentinel Lymph Nodes Selectively Dentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The expression and modulation of CEACAM1 and tumor cell transformation

Fiori¹,

Magnani

Cianfriglia

2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

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Abstract.Background. In this review, we focus our discussion on one class of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules 1 (cEAcAM1). This has been observed in several malignant transformations to be subjected to complex mechanisms of modulation and dysregulation. aims. Restoration of cEAcAM1 expression in tumor cell lines often abolishes their oncogenicity in vivo, and therefore, this adhesion molecule has been regarded as a tumor suppressor. In contrast, de novo expression of cEAcAM1 is found with the progression of malignancy and metastatic spread in a large array of cancer tissues which include melanoma, Non Small cell Lung carcinoma (NScLc) as well as bladder, prostate, thyroid, breast, colon and gastric carcinomas. Discussion.We report and discuss the most significant findings confirming at immunohistochemical and clinical level the correlation between poor prognosis and expression of cEAcAM1 on the cell surface of tumors.Key words: cEAcAM1, cancer, dysregulation, NScLc, melanoma, poor prognosis. Riassunto (Espressione e modulazione cellulare di CEaCaM1 e trasformazione tumorale).In questo articolo abbiamo focalizzato il nostro interesse su di una classe di molecole di adesione e più in particolare sul cEAcAM1 che in diversi studi è stato osservato essere coinvolto nella trasformazione tumorale attraverso complessi meccanismi di modulazione e di alterata regolazione. Obiettivo. L'espressione di cEAcAM1 risulta spesso associata con l'abolizione della oncogenicità di linee cellulari trasformate e pertanto questa molecola di adesione è stata considerata alla stregua di un immunosoppressore tumorale. Discussione. In contrasto con questa osservazione, in molti casi l'espressione de novo di cEAcAM1 risulta essere associata con la progressione tumorale e la metastatizzazione di diverse forme di cancro che includono il melanoma, il carcinoma polmonare a non piccole cellule, il carcinoma della vescica, della prostata, mammario, tiroideo e del carcinoma gastrico e del colon. In questo articolo riportiamo i dati più significativi della letteratura corrente che dimostrano attraverso studi immunoistochimici e clinici una stretta correlazione fra prognosi infauste ed espressione del cEAcAM1 sulla superficie di cellule tumorali.Parole chiave: cEAcAM1, cancro, alterata regolazione, NScLc, melanoma, prognosi infausta.

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Standard immunostains for melanoma in sentinel lymph node specimens: which ones are most useful?

Cited by 58 publications

References 33 publications

Mitotic Rate and Younger Age Are Predictors of Sentinel Lymph Node Positivity: Lessons Learned From the Generation of a Probabilistic Model

Mitotic Rate and Younger Age Are Predictors of Sentinel Lymph Node Positivity: Lessons Learned From the Generation of a Probabilistic Model

Human High Molecular Weight–Melanoma-Associated Antigen: Utility for Detection of Metastatic Melanoma in Sentinel Lymph Nodes

The expression and modulation of CEACAM1 and tumor cell transformation

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