Standard-Chinese Lexical Neighborhood Test in normal-hearing young children

Effects of Lexical Characteristics and Demographic Factors on Mandarin Chinese Open-Set Word Recognition in Children With Cochlear Implants

“…The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) subjects had bilateral profound hearing loss before implantation, and the hearing loss occurred before 2 years of age; (2) subjects were capable of performing open-set word recognition tests*; (3) oral language was the subject's primary method of communication; (4) subjects had no other disabilities such as vision problems or cognitive deficits; and (5) no additional assistive listening device was coupled to the CI, such as frequency modulationsystem. To compare the performance of CI children with the performance of normal-hearing children, we extracted data for the normal-hearing children from a previous study (Liu et al 2011). Unaided hearing thresholds in both ears, CI thresholds in the implanted ears, and other participant demographics such as age at the time of evaluation, duration of CI use, and age at implantation are summarized in Table 1.…”

“…2,[221][222][223][224][225][226][227][228] The English version of the LNT and MLNT both consist of "easy" and "hard" word lists (Kirk et al 1995). Recently, versions of the LNT and MLNT have been developed in several languages besides English (Yuen et al 2008;Wang et al 2010;Liu et al 2011). Recently, versions of the LNT and MLNT have been developed in several languages besides English (Yuen et al 2008;Wang et al 2010;Liu et al 2011).…”

“…Lexically easy words are those with high word frequency and low neighborhood density (i.e., high-frequency words from sparse neighborhoods), whereas lexically hard words are those with low word frequency and high neighborhood density (i.e., low-frequency words from dense neighborhoods) (Kirk et al 1995). In particular, we have developed a Standard-Chinese version of the LNT and MLNT, with careful consideration of the phonological and lexical characteristics of the Chinese language (Liu et al 2011). In particular, we have developed a Standard-Chinese version of the LNT and MLNT, with careful consideration of the phonological and lexical characteristics of the Chinese language (Liu et al 2011).…”

“…Svirsky et al (2004) showed that children who received their implants early in life exhibited language growth at a rate similar to their normal-hearing peers. The newest development of the Standard-Chinese version of the LNT and MLNT has helped alleviate part of this problem (Liu et al 2011). The first CI surgery in China occurred in 1996.…”

Effect of age at cochlear implantation on auditory and speech development of children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder

“…The development of auditory perception and speech production skills was assessed using the following test batteries: the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) [20], the Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS) [21], the Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) [22], the Standard-Chinese version of the Monosyllabic Lexical Neighborhood Test (LNT), the Multisyllabic Lexical Neighborhood Test (MLNT) [23], the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) [24] and the Meaningful Use of Speech Scale (MUSS).…”