Stand characteristics of mixed oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in the stem exclusion phase, northern Iran

Moridi, M.; Sefidi, Kiomars; Etemad, V

doi:10.1007/s10342-015-0883-1

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) which is one of the most valuable forest tree species, covers 17.6% of the area and represents 30% of stand volume in Hyrcanian forests (Kordi et al, 2017;Nouri et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oriental beech decline caused by Brenneria alni

Mirhabibi,

Araeinejhad,

Falahi Charkhabi

2024

Forest Pathology

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Hyrcanian forests comprise a long strip along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran. Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) is one of the most valuable forest tree species in the Hyrcanian forests. Bark necrosis and bleeding spots of oriental beech were observed in Savadkuh forests in Mazandaran province during summer 2021. Ten samples were collected from symptomatic oriental beech trees. The bark canker symptoms included stem tissue necrosis, dark brown to black spots on the trunk, bleeding with dark exudates and dark lesions in the inner bark. Twenty‐six strains of culturable bacteria were isolated from the samples which in culture were predominantly round, convex, smooth with entire margins on nutrient agar and a metallic green sheen pigment on eosin‐methylene blue (EMB) agar. Fourteen strains induced necrosis and browning of the tissues around the inoculation sites on acorns after 2 weeks. Five representative strains also caused dieback in twigs of oriental beech 3 weeks after inoculation. These bacteria were Gram‐negative, catalase positive and oxidase negative. All strains produced colonies with a green metallic sheen on EMB agar. Strains were negative in tests for starch and gelatine hydrolysis or production of levan. A phylogenetic tree based on concatenated sequences of gyrB and infB genes, of representative strains well as in each of the single gene‐based phylogenetic trees, indicated that these strains clustered with Brenneria alni NCPPB 3934T with high bootstrap values. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. alni associated with bark necrosis and bleeding spots on oriental beech.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oriental beech decline caused by Brenneria alni

Mirhabibi,

Araeinejhad,

Falahi Charkhabi

2024

Forest Pathology

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“…In early-stage forests, illumination is sufficient, but soil nutrients are poor, and soil temperature and humidity fluctuate. Such forests are committed to gap formation, understory initiation, and regeneration (Moridi et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2016). In medium-stage forests, soil humidity and nutrients are greatly improved, but light availability is the lowest because of the highest canopy coverage and stand density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In medium-stage forests, soil humidity and nutrients are greatly improved, but light availability is the lowest because of the highest canopy coverage and stand density. Such forests are in volume accumulation, lightning, and stem exclusion phases (Zhang et al, 1999;Wang et al, 2004;Yan et al, 2008;Moridi et al, 2015). Light conditions improve in late-stage forests because of slightly lower canopy coverage and stand density (Moridi et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such forests are in volume accumulation, lightning, and stem exclusion phases (Zhang et al, 1999;Wang et al, 2004;Yan et al, 2008;Moridi et al, 2015). Light conditions improve in late-stage forests because of slightly lower canopy coverage and stand density (Moridi et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2016). Some species (turnover species) only appear in forests at one succession stage and disappear in the next stage, whereas, some species (overlapping species) grow in forests at many succession stages (Yang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant trait-based life strategies of overlapping species vary in different succession stages of subtropical forests, Eastern China

et al. 2023

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Plants growing in forests at different succession stages in diverse habitats may adopt various life strategies from the perspective of plant functional traits. However, species composition differs with forest succession, and the effects of forest succession on traits have often been explored without considering the effects of species identity. We comprehensively investigated intraspecific variations in 12 traits of six overlapping species (two tree species and four understory shrub species) in three typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests at different succession stages in eastern China. We found that intraspecific variations differed among traits. Fine root specific length presented large intraspecific variation, leaf area, specific leaf area and fine root tissue density showed medium intraspecific variations, and other traits displayed small intraspecific variations. Trees and understory shrubs in the early-stage forest exhibited higher leaf thickness, dry matter contents and tissue densities of leaves, roots, twigs, and stems and lower leaf area and specific leaf area. Those in the medium- and late-stage forests displayed contrasting trait characteristics. From the perspective of plant functional traits, plants in the early-stage forest formed a series of trait combinations for a resource conservative strategy with a low growth rate to adapt to fragile habitats with poor soil nutrients and changeable soil temperature and humidity, and those in the medium- and late-stage forests (especially the former) formed converse trait combinations for a resource acquisitive strategy with a high growth rate to adapt to low light availability and strongly competitive habitats. Our study reveals that plants in forests at different succession stages adopt various life strategies and provides data to the TRY and China plant trait databases.

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“…forests, in particular, there are hardly any micro-level observations of recruitment and mortality rate fluctuations and the ensuing changes in the size distribution of individuals (from a bell-shaped to an inverted J-shaped curve) (Heiri et al 2009). The stem exclusion stage is a stage of forest development important for understanding the patterns of change in tree demographic rates, especially regarding density and its subsequent effects on forest functions (e.g., biomass and diversity) (Moridi et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-term (2009-2019) demographic dynamics of young beech forest in Albongbunji Basin, Ulleungdo, South Korea

et al. 2020

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Background The stem exclusion stage is a stage of forest development that is important for understanding the subsequent understory reinitiation stage and maturation stage during which horizontal heterogeneity is formed. Over the past 11 years (2009–2019), we observed a deciduous broad-leaved forest in the Albongbunji Basin in Ulleungdo, South Korea in its stem exclusion stage, where Fagus engleriana (Engler’s beech) is the dominant species, thereby analyzing the changes in the structure (density and size distributions), function (biomass and species richness), and demographics. Results The mean stem density data presented a bell-shaped curve with initially increasing, peaking, and subsequently decreasing trends in stem density over time, and the mean biomass data showed a sigmoidal pattern indicating that the rate of biomass accumulation slowed over time. Changes in the density and biomass of Fagus engleriana showed a similar trend to the changes in density and biomass at the community level, which is indicative of the strong influence of this species on the changing patterns of forest structure and function. Around 2015, a shift between recruitment and mortality rates was observed. Deterministic processes were the predominant cause of tree mortality in our study; however, soil deposition that began in 2017 in some of the quadrats resulted in an increase in the contribution of stochastic processes (15% in 2019) to tree mortality. The development of horizontal heterogeneity was observed in forest gaps. Conclusions Our observations showed a dramatic shift between the recruitment and mortality rates in the stem exclusion stage, and that disturbance increases the uncertainty in forest development increases. The minor changes in species composition are likely linked to regional species pool and the limited role of the life-history strategy of species such as shade tolerance and habitat affinity. Our midterm records of ecological succession exhibited detailed demographic dynamics and contributed to the improvement of an ecological perspective in the stem exclusion stage.

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Stand characteristics of mixed oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in the stem exclusion phase, northern Iran

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Oriental beech decline caused by Brenneria alni

Oriental beech decline caused by Brenneria alni

Plant trait-based life strategies of overlapping species vary in different succession stages of subtropical forests, Eastern China

Mid-term (2009-2019) demographic dynamics of young beech forest in Albongbunji Basin, Ulleungdo, South Korea

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